Details of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)

General Information of API (ID: D00217)
Name
Dronabinol
Synonyms    Click to Show/Hide the Synonyms of This API
Dronabinol; TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL; Marinol; delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; delta9-THC; delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol; Deltanyne; Abbott 40566; delta-9-THC; delta(9)-THC; delta1-THC; Dronabinolum; delta(1)-Tetrahydrocannabinol; delta(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol; 1-trans-delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; delta(sup 1)-Thc; delta(sup 9)-Thc; Namisol; (-)-delta9-trans-Tetrahydrocannabinol; 9-tetrahydrocannabinol; QCD 84924; SP 104; delta1-Tetrahydrocannabinol; 1-trans-delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; delta(9)-Tetrahydrocannibinol; QCD-84924; Syndros; delta(sup 1)-Tetrahydrocannabinol; delta(sup 9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol; L-delta1-trans-Tetrahydrocannabinol; Cannabinol, delta1-tetrahydro-; CCRIS 4726; CHEBI:66964; 3-Pentyl-6,6,9-trimethyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-dibenzo(b,d)pyran-1-ol; CHEMBL465; Tetrahydrocannabinols (-)-delta1-3,4-trans-form; (6aR,10aR)-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-1-ol; UNII-7J8897W37S; Cannabinol, 1-trans-delta(sup 9)-tetrahydro-; 6,6,9-Trimethyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-1-ol; 7J8897W37S; NSC-134454; Dronabinolum [Latin]; Tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6H-dibenzo(b,d)pyran-1-ol; 6,6,9-Trimethyl-3-pentyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6H-dibenzo(b,d)pyran-1-ol; .DELTA.9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; (-)-.DELTA.9-THC; Compassia; Relivar; (L)-.delta.1-Tetrahydrocannabinol; (-)-.DELTA.1-Tetrahydrocannabinol; (-)-.DELTA.9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; L-.delta.1-trans-Tetrahydrocannabinol; L-trans-.delta.9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; (-)-.DELTA.9-trans-Tetrahydrocannabinol; (-)-trans-.DELTA.9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; Marinol (TN); DEA No. 7369; .DELTA.1-THC; .DELTA.9-THC; delta1-Tetrahydrocannabinol (VAN); delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (VAN); Dronabinol (USP/INN); .DELTA.1-Tetrahydrocannabinol; Tetrahydrocannabinol delta9; (-)-trans-Delta9-THC; (l)-delta(sup 1)-Tetrahydrocannabinol; Cannabinol, .DELTA.1-tetrahydro-; 1-trans-delta(sup 9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol; .DELTA.9-trans-Tetrahydrocannabinol; (l)-delta1-Tetrahydrocannabinol; L-.delta.1-Tetrahydrocannabinol; (-)-delta1-Tetrahydrocannabinol; (-)-delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; delta9-trans-Tetrahydrocannabinol; HSDB 6471; trans-delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; CAT-310; L-trans-delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; (-)-delta(sup 1)-3,4-trans-Tetrahydrocannabinol; DRG-0138; 14C-.DELTA.1-Tetrahydrocannabinol; trans-.DELTA.9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; (-)-trans-Delta1-Tetrahydrocannabinol; (-)-trans-delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; NSC 134454; .delta.-9-THC; 1-trans-delta(sup9)-tetrahydrocannabinol; .delta.(sup9)-THC; (-)-3,4-trans-Delta1-Tetrahydrocannabinol; 1-trans-.delta.(sup9)-tetrahydrocannabinol; DSSTox_CID_1327; (-)-.delta.(sup9)-trans-Tetrahydrocannabinol; Epitope ID:224552; Marinol,Tetrahydrocannabinol; SCHEMBL4609; delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol; DSSTox_RID_76083; trans-6a,7,8,10a-Tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6H-dibenzo(b,d)pyran-1-ol; DSSTox_GSID_21327; BIDD:GT0427; Dronabinol [USAN:USP:INN]; ABBOTT-40566; GTPL2424; Cannabinol, tetrahydro- (6CI); DTXSID6021327; BDBM60994; US9416103, Delta9-THC; INT-0010; ZINC1530625; Tox21_112616; BDBM50007391; NSC134454; PDSP2_000714; SP-104; Cannabinol, Delta1-tetrahydro- (7CI); DB00470; INT-0010/06; (-)-Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol solution; 6465-30-1; CAS-1972-08-3; Synthetic THC in sesame oil / soft gelatin; C06972; Cannabinol, 1-trans-.delta.(sup9)-tetrahydro-; D00306; Tetrahydrocannabinols (-)-trans-.delta.9-form; 23623-EP2269989A1; 23623-EP2275420A1; 23623-EP2298764A1; 23623-EP2298765A1; 23623-EP2298772A1; 23623-EP2308839A1; 23623-EP2314298A1; 23623-EP2314580A1; Dronabinol in sesame oil in soft gelatin capsule; 124699-EP2272825A2; 124699-EP2289509A2; 124699-EP2295426A1; 124699-EP2295427A1; 148820-EP2289509A2; Q190067; (-)-Delta9-THC (Dronabinol) 0.1 mg/ml in Methanol; (-)-Delta9-THC (Dronabinol) 1.0 mg/ml in Methanol; (-)-Delta9-THC (Dronabinol) 5.0 mg/ml in Methanol; Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol solution, ethanol solution; UNII-K4H93P747O component CYQFCXCEBYINGO-IAGOWNOFSA-N; 6H-Dibenzo[b, 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-; (-)-Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta9-THC) 100 microg/mL in Methanol; (-)-Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta9-THC) 1000 microg/mL in Methanol; 6,9-Trimethyl-3-pentyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol; 6H-Dibenzo[b, 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-, trans-; (6AR,10AR)-6,6,9-TRIMETHYL-3-PENTYL-6H,6AH,7H,8H,10AH-BENZO[C]ISOCHROMEN-1-OL; (S)-6,6,9-Trimethyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-1-ol; 6H-Dibenzo[b, 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-, (6aR-trans)-
Clinical Status
Approved
Disease Indication Anorexia nervosa ICD-11: 6B80 [1]
PubChem CID
16078
Formula
C21H30O2
Canonical SMILES
CCCCCC1=CC(=C2[C@@H]3C=C(CC[C@H]3C(OC2=C1)(C)C)C)O
InChI
1S/C21H30O2/c1-5-6-7-8-15-12-18(22)20-16-11-14(2)9-10-17(16)21(3,4)23-19(20)13-15/h11-13,16-17,22H,5-10H2,1-4H3/t16-,17-/m1/s1
InChIKey
CYQFCXCEBYINGO-IAGOWNOFSA-N
   Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data (Structure/Property) of This API
Structure
<iframe style="width: 300px; height: 300px;" frameborder="0" src="https://embed.molview.org/v1/?mode=balls&cid=16078"></iframe>
3D MOL 2D MOL
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 314.5 Topological Polar Surface Area 29.5
XlogP 7 Complexity 439
Heavy Atom Count 23 Rotatable Bond Count 4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 1 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 2
Full List of Drug Formulations (DFMs) Containing This API
          Dronabinol 5 mg capsule Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Formulation(s):          7 Formulation(s)
             Drug Formulation 1 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Fd&c red no. 40; Butyl alcohol; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c yellow no. 6; Isopropyl alcohol; Ammonia; Glycerin; Propylene glycol; Titanium dioxide; Water; Silicon dioxide; Dimethicone; Gelatin; Sesame oil; Shellac
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Akorn
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
Sunset yellow FCF DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 68.4 uM) [3]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Isopropyl alcohol DIG Info Lymphoma P388/ADR cells (IC50 = 0.22 uM) [4]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
             Drug Formulation 2 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Fd&c red no. 40; Butyl alcohol; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c yellow no. 6; Isopropyl alcohol; Ammonia; Ferrosoferric oxide; Glycerin; Propylene glycol; Titanium dioxide; Water; Gelatin; Sesame oil; Shellac
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company American Health Packaging; Par Pharmaceutical; Physicians Total Care
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
Sunset yellow FCF DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 68.4 uM) [3]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Isopropyl alcohol DIG Info Lymphoma P388/ADR cells (IC50 = 0.22 uM) [4]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
             Drug Formulation 3 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Fd&c red no. 40; Butyl alcohol; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c yellow no. 6; Isopropyl alcohol; Ammonia; Ferrosoferric oxide; Glycerin; Propylene glycol; Titanium dioxide; Water; Gelatin, unspecified; Sesame oil; Shellac
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Major Pharmaceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
Sunset yellow FCF DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 68.4 uM) [3]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Isopropyl alcohol DIG Info Lymphoma P388/ADR cells (IC50 = 0.22 uM) [4]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
             Drug Formulation 4 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Isopropyl alcohol; Ammonia; Ferric oxide red; Ferrosoferric oxide; Glycerin; Propylene glycol; Titanium dioxide; Water; Gelatin; Polyethylene glycols; Polyvinyl acetate phthalate; Sesame oil
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Mylan Pharamceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Isopropyl alcohol DIG Info Lymphoma P388/ADR cells (IC50 = 0.22 uM) [4]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
             Drug Formulation 5 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Ferric oxide red; Ferrosoferric oxide; Glycerin; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin; Sesame oil
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Physicians Total Care
             Drug Formulation 6 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Ferric oxide red; Ferrosoferric oxide; Glycerin; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin, unspecified; Sesame oil
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company AbbVie; Ascend Laboratories
             Drug Formulation 7 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Ferric oxide red; Ferrosoferric oxide; Glycerin; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin, unspecified; Sesame oil
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Actavis Pharma
          Dronabinol 2.5 mg capsule Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Formulation(s):          8 Formulation(s)
             Drug Formulation 1 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Fd&c red no. 40; Butyl alcohol; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c yellow no. 6; Isopropyl alcohol; Ammonia; Ferrosoferric oxide; Glycerin; Propylene glycol; Titanium dioxide; Water; Gelatin; Sesame oil; Shellac
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Par Pharmaceutical
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
Sunset yellow FCF DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 68.4 uM) [3]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Isopropyl alcohol DIG Info Lymphoma P388/ADR cells (IC50 = 0.22 uM) [4]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
             Drug Formulation 2 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Fd&c red no. 40; Butyl alcohol; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c yellow no. 6; Isopropyl alcohol; Ammonia; Ferrosoferric oxide; Glycerin; Propylene glycol; Titanium dioxide; Water; Gelatin; Sesame oil; Shellac
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company American Health Packaging
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
Sunset yellow FCF DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 68.4 uM) [3]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Isopropyl alcohol DIG Info Lymphoma P388/ADR cells (IC50 = 0.22 uM) [4]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
             Drug Formulation 3 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Fd&c red no. 40; Butyl alcohol; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c yellow no. 6; Isopropyl alcohol; Ammonia; Ferrosoferric oxide; Glycerin; Propylene glycol; Titanium dioxide; Water; Gelatin, unspecified; Sesame oil; Shellac
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Major Pharmaceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
Sunset yellow FCF DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 68.4 uM) [3]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Isopropyl alcohol DIG Info Lymphoma P388/ADR cells (IC50 = 0.22 uM) [4]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
             Drug Formulation 4 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; Butyl alcohol; Isopropyl alcohol; Ammonia; Ferrosoferric oxide; Glycerin; Propylene glycol; Titanium dioxide; Water; Gelatin; Sesame oil; Shellac
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Akorn
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Isopropyl alcohol DIG Info Lymphoma P388/ADR cells (IC50 = 0.22 uM) [4]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
             Drug Formulation 5 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Isopropyl alcohol; Ammonia; Ferrosoferric oxide; Glycerin; Propylene glycol; Titanium dioxide; Water; Gelatin; Polyethylene glycols; Polyvinyl acetate phthalate; Sesame oil
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Mylan Pharamceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Isopropyl alcohol DIG Info Lymphoma P388/ADR cells (IC50 = 0.22 uM) [4]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
             Drug Formulation 6 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Glycerin; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin; Sesame oil
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Physicians Total Care
             Drug Formulation 7 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Glycerin; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin, unspecified; Sesame oil
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Ascend Laboratories
             Drug Formulation 8 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Glycerin; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin, unspecified; Sesame oil
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Actavis Pharma
          Dronabinol 10 mg capsule Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Formulation(s):          5 Formulation(s)
             Drug Formulation 1 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Butyl alcohol; Fd&c yellow no. 6; Isopropyl alcohol; Ammonia; Ferrosoferric oxide; Glycerin; Propylene glycol; Titanium dioxide; Water; Gelatin; Sesame oil; Shellac
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Par Pharmaceutical
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sunset yellow FCF DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 68.4 uM) [3]
Isopropyl alcohol DIG Info Lymphoma P388/ADR cells (IC50 = 0.22 uM) [4]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
             Drug Formulation 2 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Butyl alcohol; Fd&c yellow no. 6; Isopropyl alcohol; Ammonia; Ferrosoferric oxide; Glycerin; Propylene glycol; Titanium dioxide; Water; Gelatin; Sesame oil; Shellac
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Akorn
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sunset yellow FCF DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 68.4 uM) [3]
Isopropyl alcohol DIG Info Lymphoma P388/ADR cells (IC50 = 0.22 uM) [4]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
             Drug Formulation 3 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Isopropyl alcohol; Ammonia; Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Glycerin; Propylene glycol; Titanium dioxide; Water; Gelatin; Polyethylene glycols; Polyvinyl acetate phthalate; Sesame oil
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Mylan Pharamceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Isopropyl alcohol DIG Info Lymphoma P388/ADR cells (IC50 = 0.22 uM) [4]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
             Drug Formulation 4 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Glycerin; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin, unspecified; Sesame oil
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company AbbVie; Ascend Laboratories
             Drug Formulation 5 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Glycerin; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin, unspecified; Sesame oil
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Actavis Pharma
References
1 FDA label for approved dronabinol from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
2 The activities of drug inactive ingredients on biological targets. Science. 2020 Jul 24;369(6502):403-413.
3 Bacterial metabolism rescues the inhibition of intestinal drug absorption by food and drug additives. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jul 7;117(27):16009-16018.
4 Synthesis and evaluation of dihydropyrroloquinolines that selectively antagonize P-glycoprotein. J Med Chem. 2004 Mar 11; 47(6):1413-22.
5 Pharmaceutical excipients inhibit cytochrome P450 activity in cell free systems and after systemic administration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2008 Sep;70(1):279-88.
6 Effects of commonly used excipients on the expression of CYP3A4 in colon and liver cells. Pharm Res. 2010 Aug;27(8):1703-12.

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