General Information of DFM (ID: F18933)
Name	Ribavirin 200 mg capsule
Company	Richmond Pharmaceuticals
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)	Ribavirin		API Info click to show the detail info of this API
	Viral hepatitis		ICD-11: 1E51	Approved
Drug Inactive Ingredient (DIGs)
	DIG ID	DIG Info	DIG Name	DIG Functional Class
	E0A1CS	DIG Info	Ammonia	Alkalizing agent
	E01VDF	DIG Info	Butyl alcohol	Flavoring agent ...
	E03SQI	DIG Info	Carmellose sodium	Disintegrant
	E0L3MB	DIG Info	FD&C blue no. 2	Colorant
	E0M0IE	DIG Info	Ferric hydroxide oxide yellow	Colorant
	E0N2PK	DIG Info	Isopropyl alcohol	Antimicrobial preservative ...
	E00DHW	DIG Info	Lactose monohydrate	Binding agent ...
	E0M1JK	DIG Info	Propylene glycol	Antimicrobial preservative ...
	E05BSD	DIG Info	Titanium dioxide	Coating agent ...

Full List of Biological Targets of DIG (DBTs) Regulated by DIG(s) in This DFM
G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)
DBT Name: Adenosine receptor A3 (AA3R)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	FD&C blue no. 2
Biological Activity	IC50 = 1 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	AA3R_HUMAN
Oxidoreductase (ORase)
DBT Name: Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	FD&C blue no. 2
Biological Activity	IC50 > 3 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	AOFA_HUMAN
DBT Name: Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (COX-2)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	FD&C blue no. 2
Biological Activity	IC50 = 24 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PGH2_HUMAN
DBT Name: Albendazole monooxygenase (CYP3A4)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Propylene glycol
Biological Activity	Inhibition ratio < 20 % (tested by experiment)					[2]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Carmellose sodium
Biological Activity	Protein expression upregulation (tested by experiment)					[3]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN
Experiment (3) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Carmellose sodium
Biological Activity	Protein expression upregulation (tested by experiment)					[3]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN
Transferase (TFase)
DBT Name: VEGF-2 receptor (KDR)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	FD&C blue no. 2
Biological Activity	IC50 = 3.1 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	VGFR2_HUMAN
Hydrolase (HDase)
DBT Name: Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1D (PTPN11)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	FD&C blue no. 2
Biological Activity	IC50 = 7940 nM (estimated based on the structural similarity with CHEMBL3692077 )					[4]
Structural Similarity	Tanimoto coefficient = 0.822222222
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PTN11_HUMAN
Potential-driven transporter (PDT)
DBT Name: Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (OATPB)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	FD&C blue no. 2
Biological Activity	Inhibition ratio = 26 % (tested by experiment)					[5]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	SO2B1_HUMAN
Nuclear receptor (NR)
DBT Name: Estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	FD&C blue no. 2
Biological Activity	IC50 > 10 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ESR1_HUMAN
Cell line (CELL)
DBT Name: Lymphoma P388/ADR cells (P388/ADR)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Isopropyl alcohol
Biological Activity	IC50 = 0.22 uM (estimated based on the structural similarity with CHEMBL545 )					[6]
Structural Similarity	Tanimoto coefficient = 0.789473684
Tested Species	Mus musculus (Mouse)
Cellosaurus ID	CVCL_IZ75

References
1	The activities of drug inactive ingredients on biological targets. Science. 2020 Jul 24;369(6502):403-413.
2	Pharmaceutical excipients inhibit cytochrome P450 activity in cell free systems and after systemic administration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2008 Sep;70(1):279-88.
3	Effects of commonly used excipients on the expression of CYP3A4 in colon and liver cells. Pharm Res. 2010 Aug;27(8):1703-12.
4	US patent application no. 8987474B2, Inhibition of Shp2/PTPN11 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase by NSC-87877, NSC-117199 and Their Analogs.
5	Bacterial metabolism rescues the inhibition of intestinal drug absorption by food and drug additives. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jul 7;117(27):16009-16018.
6	Synthesis and evaluation of dihydropyrroloquinolines that selectively antagonize P-glycoprotein. J Med Chem. 2004 Mar 11; 47(6):1413-22.

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