Details of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)

General Information of API (ID: D00475)
Name
Nitrofurantoin
Synonyms    Click to Show/Hide the Synonyms of This API
nitrofurantoin; 67-20-9; Furadantin; Macrodantin; 5-Nitrofurantoin; Furadonine; Furadantine; Furadantoin; Furadoine; Furadontin; Furantoin; Nifurantin; Nitrofuradantin; Nitrofurantoine; Berkfurin; Chemiofuran; Furachel; Furadonin; Furatoin; Furobactina; Macrobid; Novofuran; Orafuran; Parfuran; Trantoin; Urantoin; Urofurin; Welfurin; Zoofurin; Cyantin; Cystit; Furalan; Furina; Ituran; Nitoin; Urizept; Urodin; Urolong; Furadantine mc; Uro-Tablinen; Fur-ren; Macrofuran; Nitrofurantoina; Benkfuran; Dantafur; Furaloid; Nierofu; Macpac; Nitrex; Nitrofurantoinum; Fua Med; N-Toin; Usaf ea-2; 1-(5-Nitro-2-furfurylideneamino)hydantoin; N-(5-Nitrofurfurylidene)-1-aminohydantoin; NITROFURANTOIN, MACROCRYSTALLINE; N-(5-Nitro-2-furfurylidene)-1-aminohydantoin; 1-((5-Nitrofurfurylidene)amino)hydantoin; 1-[(5-Nitrofurfurylidene)amino]hydantoin; 1-(5-Nitro-2-furfurylidenamino)hydantoin; NCI-C55196; NSC 2107; 2,4-Imidazolidinedione, 1-[[(5-nitro-2-furanyl)methylene]amino]-; NSC 44150; N-(5-Nitro-2-furfurylideno)-1-aminohydantoina; UNII-927AH8112L; Hydantoin, 1-((5-nitrofurfurylidene)amino)-; Furadoninum; MFCD00003224; 1-(((5-Nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene)amino)imidazolidine-2,4-dione; 1-[(E)-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylideneamino]imidazolidine-2,4-dione; MLS000028500; Cistofuran; Macrodantina; Macrofurin; Nifuretten; Alfuran; Berkfuran; Ceduran; Furabid; Furedan; Gerofuran; Phenurin; Siraliden; Uerineks; Urofuran; Urolisa; CHEBI:71415; PiyEloseptyl; 1-[[(5-Nitro-2-furanyl)methylene]amino]-2,4-imidazolidinedione; Furadantina MC; Furadantine-MC; 2,4-Imidazolidinedione, 1-(((5-nitro-2-furanyl)methylene)amino)-; Furophen T; Nitrofur-C; Ro-Antoin; Furadantin Retard; Uro-Selz; Ivadantin; 927AH8112L; SMR000058271; 1-(((5-Nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene)-amino)imidazolidine-2,4-dione; 1-{[(1E)-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylidene]amino}imidazolidine-2,4-dione; Nitrofurantoina [DCIT]; Nitrofurantoine [INN-French]; Nitrofurantoinum [INN-Latin]; Furodantin; Fuamed; NSC-2107; 1-{[(E)-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylidene]amino}imidazolidine-2,4-dione; Nitrofurantoin, 98%; Furadantin (TN); Macrobid (TN); CCRIS 1192; Hydantoin, 1-[(5-nitrofurfurylidene)amino]-; HSDB 3135; SR-05000001681; EINECS 200-646-5; NITROFURANTOIN MACROCRYSTALLINE; NSC2107; Furantoina; Furadoin; Furadoxyl; Uvamin; N-(5-Nitro-2-furfurylideno)-1-aminohydantoina [Polish]; NSC44150; 1-[[(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene]amino]imidazolidine-2,4-dione; AI3-26388; Nitrofurantoin (JAN/USP/INN); Furophen T-Caps; NCGC00091505-01; NCGC00091505-07; Prestwick_358; Nitrofurantoin Macro; 5-Nitrofurantoindorn; J01XE01; Nitrofurantoin [USP:INN:BAN:JAN]; PubChem6954; ND-3320; ND-7248; Nitrofurantoin, 97%; Nitrofurantoin anhydrous; Prestwick2_000168; Prestwick3_000168; Spectrum5_001367; Nitrofurantoin macrocrystal; Nitrofurantoin, crystalline; CHEMBL572; Nitrofurantoin Macrocrystals; cid_4509; Nitrofurantoin, macrocrystals; SCHEMBL29470; SCHEMBL29472; BSPBio_000035; BSPBio_002073; ARONIS27199; BIDD:GT0181; SPECTRUM1500433; BPBio1_000039; BDBM57045; CHEBI:95222; HMS500L06; HMS1568B17; HMS1920P21; HMS2091H16; HMS2095B17; HMS3712B17; Pharmakon1600-01500433; 1-[(E)-(5-nitro-2-furyl)methyleneamino]imidazolidine-2,4-dione; HY-A0090; ZINC7997568; 2,4-Imidazolidenedione, 1-(((5-nitro-2-furanyl)methylene)amino)-; CCG-40108; NSC757243; SBB056985; STK009471; STL454163; AKOS001678301; DB00698; NSC-757243; IDI1_000224; NCGC00091505-03; NCGC00091505-04; NCGC00091505-05; NCGC00091505-06; NCGC00091505-08; NCGC00091505-09; NCGC00091505-10; 1-((5-nitrofurfurylidene)amino)-hydantoin; SBI-0051457.P003; AB00513815; BB 0310231; A16008; C07268; D00439; J10193; Z-1941; AB00052052_03; A835659; Hydantoin, n-(5-nitro-2-furfurylidene)-1-amino-; Nitrofurantoin, VETRANAL(TM), analytical standard; Q-201479; SR-05000001681-1; SR-05000001681-2; SR-05000001681-3; SR-05000001681-4; BRD-K76927775-001-05-0; Nitrofurantoin, Antibiotic for Culture Media Use Only; Hydantoin, 1-[(5-nitrofurfurylidene)amino]- (7CI,8CI); 1-((5-nitro-2-furanyl)methylene)amino-2,4-imidazolidenedione; 1-{[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino}imidazolidine-2,4-dione; (E)-1-[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylideneamino]imidazolidine-2,4-dione; 1-([(5-Nitro-2-furyl)methylidene]amino)-2,4-imidazolidinedione #; 1-[(E)-(5-nitro-2-furanyl)methylideneamino]imidazolidine-2,4-dione; 1-{[(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylidene]amino}imidazolidine-2,4-dione; Nitrofurantoin, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard; 1-[(1E)-2-(5-nitro(2-furyl))-1-azavinyl]-1,3-diazolidine-2,4-dione; 1-{[(E)-1-(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylidene]amino}-1H-imidazole-2,4(3H,5H)-dione; Nitrofurantoin, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material; 178170-37-1
Clinical Status
Approved
Disease Indication Infectious cystitis ICD-11: GC00 [1]
PubChem CID
6604200
Formula
C8H6N4O5
Canonical SMILES
C1C(=O)NC(=O)N1/N=C/C2=CC=C(O2)[N+](=O)[O-]
InChI
1S/C8H6N4O5/c13-6-4-11(8(14)10-6)9-3-5-1-2-7(17-5)12(15)16/h1-3H,4H2,(H,10,13,14)/b9-3+
InChIKey
NXFQHRVNIOXGAQ-YCRREMRBSA-N
   Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data (Structure/Property) of This API
Structure
<iframe style="width: 300px; height: 300px;" frameborder="0" src="https://embed.molview.org/v1/?mode=balls&cid=6604200"></iframe>
3D MOL 2D MOL
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 238.16 Topological Polar Surface Area 121
XlogP -0.5 Complexity 390
Heavy Atom Count 17 Rotatable Bond Count 2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 1 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 6
Full List of Drug Formulations (DFMs) Containing This API
          Nitrofurantoin 50 mg capsule Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Formulation(s):        12 Formulation(s)
             Drug Formulation 1 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose monohydrate; Sodium lauryl sulfate; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c blue no. 2; Magnesium stearate; Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Titanium dioxide; Silicon dioxide; Gelatin; Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company A-S Medication Solutions; Mylan Pharamceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
Magnesium stearate DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 2 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose monohydrate; Sodium lauryl sulfate; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c blue no. 2; Magnesium stearate; Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Titanium dioxide; Silicon dioxide; Gelatin; Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
Magnesium stearate DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 3 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose monohydrate; Sodium lauryl sulfate; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; D&c red no. 33; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c blue no. 2; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Silicon dioxide; Aluminum oxide; Gelatin; Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Bryant Ranch Prepack
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
D&C red no. 33 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 58.1 uM) [3]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 4 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose monohydrate; Sodium lauryl sulfate; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; D&c red no. 33; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c blue no. 2; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Silicon dioxide; Aluminum oxide; Gelatin; Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Physicians Total Care
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
D&C red no. 33 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 58.1 uM) [3]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 5 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose monohydrate; Sodium lauryl sulfate; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c blue no. 2; Magnesium stearate; Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Titanium dioxide; Silicon dioxide; Gelatin; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company NCS HealthCare of KY, Inc dba Vangard Labs
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Magnesium stearate DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 6 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose monohydrate; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; D&c red no. 33; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c blue no. 2; Indigotindisulfonate sodium; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Aluminum oxide; Gelatin; Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company A-S Medication Solutions; AvPAK; Impax Generics
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
D&C red no. 33 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 58.1 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
             Drug Formulation 7 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose monohydrate; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; D&c red no. 33; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c blue no. 2; Indigotindisulfonate sodium; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin, unspecified; Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Teva Pharmaceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
D&C red no. 33 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 58.1 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
             Drug Formulation 8 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Anhydrous lactose; Sodium lauryl sulfate; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c blue no. 2; Fd&c yellow no. 6; Magnesium stearate; Ferrosoferric oxide; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Actavis Pharma
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
Sunset yellow FCF DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 68.4 uM) [3]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Magnesium stearate DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 9 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose monohydrate; Sodium lauryl sulfate; Fd&c blue no. 1; Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Potassium hydroxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin; Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company DirectRX
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
             Drug Formulation 10 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose monohydrate; Sodium lauryl sulfate; Fd&c blue no. 1; Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Potassium hydroxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin; Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Sun Pharmaceutical Industries
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
             Drug Formulation 11 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c yellow no. 6; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Almatica Pharma; Alvogen; Lake Eire Medical & Surgical Supply DBA Quality Care Products; PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals; RemedyRepack
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sunset yellow FCF DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 68.4 uM) [3]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
             Drug Formulation 12 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose, unspecified form; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c yellow no. 6; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company American Health Packaging; BluePoint Laboratories; Preferred Pharamaceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sunset yellow FCF DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 68.4 uM) [3]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
          Nitrofurantoin 100 mg capsule Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Formulation(s):        17 Formulation(s)
             Drug Formulation 1 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose monohydrate; Sodium lauryl sulfate; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; D&c red no. 33; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c blue no. 2; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Silicon dioxide; Aluminum oxide; Gelatin; Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Liberty Pharmaceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
D&C red no. 33 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 58.1 uM) [3]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 2 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose monohydrate; Sodium lauryl sulfate; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; D&c red no. 33; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c blue no. 2; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Silicon dioxide; Aluminum oxide; Gelatin; Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Physicians Total Care; Rebel Distributors
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
D&C red no. 33 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 58.1 uM) [3]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 3 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose monohydrate; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; D&c red no. 33; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c blue no. 2; Indigotindisulfonate sodium; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Aluminum oxide; Gelatin; Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company AvPAK; Impax Generics; Liberty Pharmaceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
D&C red no. 33 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 58.1 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
             Drug Formulation 4 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose monohydrate; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; D&c red no. 33; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c blue no. 2; Indigotindisulfonate sodium; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin, unspecified; Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Lake Eire Medical & Surgical Supply DBA Quality Care Products
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
D&C red no. 33 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 58.1 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
             Drug Formulation 5 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose monohydrate; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; D&c red no. 33; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c blue no. 2; Indigotindisulfonate sodium; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin, unspecified; Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Teva Pharmaceuticals; Unit Dose Services
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
D&C red no. 33 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 58.1 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
             Drug Formulation 6 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Anhydrous lactose; Sodium lauryl sulfate; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c blue no. 2; Fd&c yellow no. 6; Magnesium stearate; Ferrosoferric oxide; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Actavis Pharma
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
Sunset yellow FCF DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 68.4 uM) [3]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Magnesium stearate DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 7 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose monohydrate; Sodium lauryl sulfate; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; D&c red no. 33; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c blue no. 2; Ferrosoferric oxide; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Silicon dioxide; Aluminum oxide; Gelatin; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Blenheim Phamacal; PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals; RedPharm; Stat Rx USA
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
D&C red no. 33 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 58.1 uM) [3]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 8 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose monohydrate; Sodium lauryl sulfate; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; D&c red no. 33; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c blue no. 2; Ferrosoferric oxide; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Silicon dioxide; Aluminum oxide; Gelatin; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company RemedyRepack
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
D&C red no. 33 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 58.1 uM) [3]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 9 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Anhydrous lactose; Sodium lauryl sulfate; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; Butyl alcohol; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c blue no. 2; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin; Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company NCS HealthCare of KY, Inc dba Vangard Labs
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
             Drug Formulation 10 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose; Sodium lauryl sulfate; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; Butyl alcohol; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c blue no. 2; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin; Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
             Drug Formulation 11 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose monohydrate; Sodium lauryl sulfate; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c blue no. 2; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin; Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Lake Eire Medical & Surgical Supply DBA Quality Care Products; Mylan Pharamceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
             Drug Formulation 12 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose monohydrate; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; Fd&c blue no. 1; Magnesium stearate; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Silicon dioxide; Carbomer homopolymer type b (allyl sucrose crosslinked); Gelatin; Povidones; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Bryant Ranch Prepack
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Magnesium stearate DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 13 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose monohydrate; Sodium lauryl sulfate; Ferrosoferric oxide; Potassium hydroxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin; Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company NuCare Pharmaceuticals; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
             Drug Formulation 14 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c yellow no. 6; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company A-S Medication Solutions; Aidarex Pharmaceuticals; Almatica Pharma; Alvogen; Apotheca; Lake Eire Medical & Surgical Supply DBA Quality Care Products; NuCare Pharmaceuticals; PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals; RemedyRepack
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sunset yellow FCF DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 68.4 uM) [3]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
             Drug Formulation 15 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose, unspecified form; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c yellow no. 6; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company American Health Packaging; BluePoint Laboratories; Proficient Rx
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sunset yellow FCF DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 68.4 uM) [3]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
             Drug Formulation 16 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c yellow no. 6; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company RemedyRepack
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sunset yellow FCF DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 68.4 uM) [3]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
             Drug Formulation 17 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose, unspecified form; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c yellow no. 6; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin, unspecified; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company A-S Medication Solutions; Bryant Ranch Prepack; Central Texas Community Health Centers
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sunset yellow FCF DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 68.4 uM) [3]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
          Nitrofurantoin 25 mg capsule Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Formulation(s):          3 Formulation(s)
             Drug Formulation 1 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Anhydrous lactose; Sodium lauryl sulfate; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c blue no. 2; Magnesium stearate; Ferrosoferric oxide; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Actavis Pharma
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Magnesium stearate DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 2 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose monohydrate; Sodium lauryl sulfate; Ferrosoferric oxide; Potassium hydroxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin; Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Sun Pharmaceutical Industries
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
             Drug Formulation 3 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c yellow no. 6; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Gelatin; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Oral Capsule
                   Company Almatica Pharma; Alvogen
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sunset yellow FCF DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 68.4 uM) [3]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
References
1 FDA label for approved nitrofurantoin from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
2 The activities of drug inactive ingredients on biological targets. Science. 2020 Jul 24;369(6502):403-413.
3 Bacterial metabolism rescues the inhibition of intestinal drug absorption by food and drug additives. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jul 7;117(27):16009-16018.
4 Pharmaceutical excipients inhibit cytochrome P450 activity in cell free systems and after systemic administration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2008 Sep;70(1):279-88.
5 Effects of commonly used excipients on the expression of CYP3A4 in colon and liver cells. Pharm Res. 2010 Aug;27(8):1703-12.

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