Details of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)

General Information of API (ID: D00269)
Name
Fenofibric acid
Synonyms    Click to Show/Hide the Synonyms of This API
Fenofibric acid; 42017-89-0; Procetofenic acid; 2-(4-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid; 2-[4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy]-2-methylpropanoic acid; Trilipix; NSC 281318; C17H15ClO4; UNII-BGF9MN2HU1; LF 153; 2-[4-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy]-2-methylpropionic Acid; BGF9MN2HU1; CHEMBL981; Fenofibrate related compound b; CHEBI:83469; MFCD00792461; NSC-281318; ABT-335; Propanoic acid, 2-(4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy)-2-methyl-; 2-{4-[(4-chlorophenyl)carbonyl]phenoxy}-2-methylpropanoic acid; FNF Acid; 2-(4-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid; alpha 1081; 2-[4-(4-chlorobenzene-1-carbonyl)phenoxy]-2-methylpropanoic acid; LF 178 acid; 2-[4-(4-Chloro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-2-methyl-propionic acid (Fenofibric acid); ABT 335; CCRIS 7302; EINECS 255-626-9; BRN 2058973; Propanoic acid, 2-[4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy]-2-methyl-; feno-fibric acid; Fibricor (TN); Fenofibrate free acid; FENOFIBRIC ACID; SCHEMBL16377; GTPL2662; ZINC1984; DTXSID8041030; BDBM28700; BCP22437; HY-B0760; Fenofibric acid, analytical standard; LF-153; NSC281318; AKOS015889489; CCG-213311; DB13873; KS-1234; MCULE-1938576029; AC-22277; AK117112; SY052754; AB0011864; FT-0600402; ST50998899; D11579; J10251; M-1210; AB01563028_01; 017F890; W-106287; 2-[4-(p-Chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy]-2-methylpropionicacid; Q27077290; 2-[4-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)-phenoxy]-2-methylpropionic acid; 2-[4-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy]-2-methylpropionic acid, 95%; 2-[4-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy]-2-methylpropanoic Acid (Fenofibric Acid); Fenofibrate impurity B, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard; Fenofibrate Related Compound B, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Clinical Status
Approved
Disease Indication Dyslipidaemia ICD-11: 5C81 [1]
PubChem CID
64929
Formula
C17H15ClO4
Canonical SMILES
CC(C)(C(=O)O)OC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl
InChI
1S/C17H15ClO4/c1-17(2,16(20)21)22-14-9-5-12(6-10-14)15(19)11-3-7-13(18)8-4-11/h3-10H,1-2H3,(H,20,21)
InChIKey
MQOBSOSZFYZQOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
   Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data (Structure/Property) of This API
Structure
<iframe style="width: 300px; height: 300px;" frameborder="0" src="https://embed.molview.org/v1/?mode=balls&cid=64929"></iframe>
3D MOL 2D MOL
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 318.7 Topological Polar Surface Area 63.6
XlogP 3.9 Complexity 405
Heavy Atom Count 22 Rotatable Bond Count 5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 1 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 4
Full List of Drug Formulations (DFMs) Containing This API
          Fenofibric acid 45 mg capsule Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Formulation(s):          7 Formulation(s)
             Drug Formulation 1 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Stearic acid; Lactose monohydrate; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c blue no. 2; Fd&c yellow no. 6; Magnesium stearate; Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Gelatin; Hydroxypropyl cellulose (type m); Methacrylic acid - ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1) type a; Shellac
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Capsule
                   Company Par Pharmaceutical
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
Stearic acid DIG Info Phosphodiesterase 3A (IC50 = 3.1 uM) [2]
Sunset yellow FCF DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 68.4 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
Magnesium stearate DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 2 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Sodium lauryl sulfate; Sodium stearyl fumarate; Ammonia; Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Polysorbate 80; Silicon dioxide; Gelatin; Hydroxypropyl cellulose (type h); Hypromelloses; Methacrylic acid - ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1) type a; Povidones; Shellac
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Capsule
                   Company Mylan Pharamceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
Sodium stearyl fumarate DIG Info Leukemia K562 cells (IC50 = 20.2 ug.mL-1) [6]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
Polysorbate 80 DIG Info Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 3 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Sodium lauryl sulfate; Sodium stearyl fumarate; Ammonia; Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Polysorbate 80; Silicon dioxide; Gelatin; Hydroxypropyl cellulose (type h); Hypromelloses; Methacrylic acid - ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1) type a; Povidones; Shellac
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Capsule
                   Company Mylan Pharamceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
Sodium stearyl fumarate DIG Info Leukemia K562 cells (IC50 = 20.2 ug.mL-1) [6]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
Polysorbate 80 DIG Info Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 4 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose monohydrate; Sodium lauryl sulfate; Sodium stearyl fumarate; Dibutyl sebacate; Magnesium stearate; Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Potassium hydroxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Colloidal silicon dioxide; Ethylcelluloses; Gelatin; Hypromelloses; Methacrylic acid - ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1) type a; Povidone k90; Shellac
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Capsule
                   Company Lupin Pharmaceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
Sodium stearyl fumarate DIG Info Leukemia K562 cells (IC50 = 20.2 ug.mL-1) [6]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
Magnesium stearate DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 5 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Sodium stearyl fumarate; Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Potassium hydroxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Water; Povidone k30; Silicon dioxide; Gelatin; Hydroxypropyl cellulose (type e); Hypromelloses; Methacrylic acid; Shellac
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Capsule
                   Company Alembic Pharmaceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sodium stearyl fumarate DIG Info Leukemia K562 cells (IC50 = 20.2 ug.mL-1) [6]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 6 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Sodium lauryl sulfate; Ammonia; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Potassium hydroxide; Propylene glycol; Sucrose; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Ammonio methacrylate copolymer type a; Ammonio methacrylate copolymer type b; Gelatin; Hydroxypropyl cellulose (type l); Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Capsule
                   Company Actavis Pharma
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
             Drug Formulation 7 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Sodium stearyl fumarate; Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Water; Silicon dioxide; Gelatin; Hydroxypropyl cellulose (type h); Hypromelloses; Methacrylic acid - ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1) type a; Povidones
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Capsule
                   Company AbbVie
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sodium stearyl fumarate DIG Info Leukemia K562 cells (IC50 = 20.2 ug.mL-1) [6]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
          Fenofibric acid 135 mg capsule Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Formulation(s):          8 Formulation(s)
             Drug Formulation 1 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Stearic acid; Lactose monohydrate; D&c yellow no. 10; Fd&c red no. 40; Fd&c blue no. 1; Fd&c blue no. 2; Fd&c yellow no. 6; Magnesium stearate; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Gelatin; Hydroxypropyl cellulose (type m); Methacrylic acid - ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1) type a; Shellac
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Capsule
                   Company American Health Packaging; Golden State Medical Supply; Par Pharmaceutical
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
Stearic acid DIG Info Phosphodiesterase 3A (IC50 = 3.1 uM) [2]
Sunset yellow FCF DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 68.4 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Quinoline yellow WS DIG Info Estrogen receptor alpha (IC50 = 18 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
Magnesium stearate DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 2 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Sodium lauryl sulfate; Sodium stearyl fumarate; Fd&c blue no. 2; Ammonia; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Polysorbate 80; Silicon dioxide; Gelatin; Hydroxypropyl cellulose (type h); Hypromelloses; Methacrylic acid - ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1) type a; Povidones; Shellac
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Capsule
                   Company Mylan Pharamceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Sodium stearyl fumarate DIG Info Leukemia K562 cells (IC50 = 20.2 ug.mL-1) [6]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
Polysorbate 80 DIG Info Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 3 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Sodium lauryl sulfate; Sodium stearyl fumarate; Fd&c blue no. 2; Ammonia; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Polysorbate 80; Silicon dioxide; Gelatin; Hydroxypropyl cellulose (type h); Hypromelloses; Methacrylic acid - ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1) type a; Povidones; Shellac
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Capsule
                   Company Mylan Pharamceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Sodium stearyl fumarate DIG Info Leukemia K562 cells (IC50 = 20.2 ug.mL-1) [6]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
Polysorbate 80 DIG Info Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 4 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Lactose monohydrate; Sodium lauryl sulfate; Sodium stearyl fumarate; Dibutyl sebacate; Fd&c blue no. 1; Magnesium stearate; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Potassium hydroxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Colloidal silicon dioxide; Ethylcelluloses; Gelatin; Hypromelloses; Methacrylic acid - ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1) type a; Povidone k90; Shellac
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Capsule
                   Company Lupin Pharmaceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [3]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
Sodium stearyl fumarate DIG Info Leukemia K562 cells (IC50 = 20.2 ug.mL-1) [6]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
Magnesium stearate DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 5 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Sodium stearyl fumarate; Fd&c blue no. 2; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Potassium hydroxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Water; Povidone k30; Silicon dioxide; Gelatin; Hydroxypropyl cellulose (type e); Hypromelloses; Methacrylic acid; Shellac
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Capsule
                   Company Alembic Pharmaceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Sodium stearyl fumarate DIG Info Leukemia K562 cells (IC50 = 20.2 ug.mL-1) [6]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 6 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Sodium stearyl fumarate; Fd&c blue no. 2; Ferric oxide yellow; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Water; Povidone; Silicon dioxide; Gelatin; Hydroxypropyl cellulose; Hypromelloses
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Capsule
                   Company Physicians Total Care
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Sodium stearyl fumarate DIG Info Leukemia K562 cells (IC50 = 20.2 ug.mL-1) [6]
Povidone DIG Info Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (IC50 = 78.3 uM) [7]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 7 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Sodium stearyl fumarate; Fd&c blue no. 2; Ferric oxide yellow; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Water; Silicon dioxide; Gelatin; Hydroxypropyl cellulose (type h); Hypromelloses; Methacrylic acid - ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1) type a; Povidones
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Capsule
                   Company AbbVie
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Sodium stearyl fumarate DIG Info Leukemia K562 cells (IC50 = 20.2 ug.mL-1) [6]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
             Drug Formulation 8 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Sodium lauryl sulfate; Ammonia; Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Potassium hydroxide; Propylene glycol; Sucrose; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Ammonio methacrylate copolymer type a; Ammonio methacrylate copolymer type b; Gelatin; Hydroxypropyl cellulose (type l); Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Capsule
                   Company Actavis Pharma
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
          Fenofibric acid 105 mg tablet Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Formulation(s):          1 Formulation(s)
             Drug Formulation 1 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Magnesium stearate; Crospovidone; Cellulose, microcrystalline; Copovidone k25-31
                   Dosage Form Oral Tablet
                   Company Aralez Pharmaceuticals; Caraco Pharma; Halton Laboratories; Mutual Pharmaceutical; Tribute Pharmaceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Magnesium stearate DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
Crospovidone DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
          Fenofibric acid 35 mg tablet Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Formulation(s):          1 Formulation(s)
             Drug Formulation 1 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Magnesium stearate; Crospovidone; Cellulose, microcrystalline; Copovidone k25-31
                   Dosage Form Oral Tablet
                   Company Aralez Pharmaceuticals; Caraco Pharma; Halton Laboratories; Mutual Pharmaceutical; Tribute Pharmaceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Magnesium stearate DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
Crospovidone DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [5]
References
1 FDA label for approved fenofibric acid from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
2 The activities of drug inactive ingredients on biological targets. Science. 2020 Jul 24;369(6502):403-413.
3 Bacterial metabolism rescues the inhibition of intestinal drug absorption by food and drug additives. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jul 7;117(27):16009-16018.
4 Pharmaceutical excipients inhibit cytochrome P450 activity in cell free systems and after systemic administration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2008 Sep;70(1):279-88.
5 Effects of commonly used excipients on the expression of CYP3A4 in colon and liver cells. Pharm Res. 2010 Aug;27(8):1703-12.
6 Synthesis and evaluation of (-)-Massoialactone and analogues as potential anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents. Eur J Med Chem. 2014 Apr 9; 76:291-300.
7 Mediation of in vitro cytochrome p450 activity by common pharmaceutical excipients. Mol Pharm. 2013 Jul 1;10(7):2739-48.

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