General Information of API (ID: D00450)
Name
Mycophenolic acid
Synonyms    Click to Show/Hide the Synonyms of This API
mycophenolic acid; 24280-93-1; Mycophenolate; Myfortic; Melbex; Mycophenolsaeure; Lilly-68618; 6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phthalanyl)-4-methyl-4-hexenoic acid; Acido micofenolico; Micofenolico acido; NSC-129185; Acide mycophenolique; Acidum mycophenolicum; CCRIS 5565; NSC 129185; 483-60-3; UNII-HU9DX48N0T; Ly 68618; (E)-6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phthalanyl)-4-methyl-4-hexenoic acid; Lilly 68618; CHEMBL866; HU9DX48N0T; CHEBI:168396; TNP00198; RS-61443 [AS MOFETIL]; MFCD00036814; NSC129185; 4-Methyl-5-methoxy-7-hydroxy-6-(5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl)-phthalide (E)-; NCGC00016786-01; CAS-24280-93-1; Mycophenolic acid, 98%; DSSTox_CID_21070; DSSTox_RID_79619; DSSTox_GSID_41070; Mycophenolic acid-d3 solution; Mycophenoic acid; Micofenolico acido [Spanish]; SMR000471887; 1185242-90-3; Acido micofenolico [INN-Spanish]; Acide mycophenolique [INN-French]; Acidum mycophenolicum [INN-Latin]; SR-01000597602; EINECS 246-119-3; Prestwick_817; EINECS 207-595-8; Mycophenolic acid [USAN:INN:BAN]; Tocris-1505; (Z)-Mycophenolic Acid; Mycophenolic acid (TN); Prestwick2_000556; Prestwick3_000556; Spectrum5_001654; Mycophenolic Acid (MPA); Mycophenolic acid solution; UPCMLD-DP028; 4-Hexenoic acid, (E)-; EC 246-119-3; Mycophenolate;RS-61443; SCHEMBL4549; Mycophenolic (Mycophenolate); Mycophenolic acid, >=98%; BSPBio_000631; BSPBio_002534; MLS001074701; MLS002222265; MLS002695945; BIDD:GT0456; SPECTRUM1500674; BPBio1_000695; GTPL6832; MEGxm0_000120; Mycophenolic acid (USAN/INN); Myfortic (mycophenolate sodium); SCHEMBL2514376; ZINC1758; DTXSID4041070; UPCMLD-DP028:001; ACon0_000960; ACon1_000496; BDBM19264; CHEBI:92545; HMS500H08; AOB5506; EX-A975; HMS1569P13; HMS1921A18; HMS2089A17; HMS2092G22; HMS2096P13; HMS2268H22; HMS3403P09; HMS3412F09; HMS3676F09; Pharmakon1600-01500674; ACT02623; BCP05321; HY-B0421; Tox21_110610; BBL034696; CCG-39914; NSC757424; STL419986; Mycophenolic acid, analytical standard; AKOS015888214; Tox21_110610_1; AC-4491; BCP9000970; DB01024; DS-1638; MCULE-1991681277; NSC-757424; SDCCGMLS-0066618.P001; IDI1_000146; NCGC00016786-02; NCGC00016786-03; NCGC00016786-04; NCGC00016786-05; NCGC00016786-06; NCGC00016786-07; NCGC00016786-08; NCGC00016786-09; NCGC00016786-10; NCGC00016786-11; NCGC00016786-12; NCGC00016786-15; NCGC00025190-01; NCGC00025190-02; NCGC00025190-03; NCGC00025190-04; NCGC00025190-05; NCGC00025190-07; NCGC00025190-08; NCGC00025190-09; NCGC00025190-10; BR-34309; ST044516; Mycophenolic Acid - CAS 24280-93-1; SBI-0051945.P003; AB0011511; SW196951-2; A10614; C20380; D05096; M 5255; M-1202; M02087; AB00052466-13; AB00052466-14; AB00052466_15; AB00052466_16; Mycophenolic acid 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile; 280M931; Mycophenolate mofetil impurity, mycophenolic acid-; Q420553; SR-01000597602-1; SR-01000597602-3; SR-01000597602-4; BRD-K63750851-001-06-6; BRD-K63750851-001-13-2; Mycophenolic acid, powder, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, >=98%; 6-(4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phthanlanyl)-4-methyl-4-hexanoic acid; 1162256-90-7
Clinical Status
Approved
Disease Indication Crohn disease ICD-11: DD70 [1]
PubChem CID
446541
Formula
C17H20O6
Canonical SMILES
CC1=C2COC(=O)C2=C(C(=C1OC)C/C=C(\\C)/CCC(=O)O)O
InChI
1S/C17H20O6/c1-9(5-7-13(18)19)4-6-11-15(20)14-12(8-23-17(14)21)10(2)16(11)22-3/h4,20H,5-8H2,1-3H3,(H,18,19)/b9-4+
InChIKey
HPNSFSBZBAHARI-RUDMXATFSA-N
   Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data (Structure/Property) of This API
Structure
<iframe style="width: 300px; height: 300px;" frameborder="0" src="https://embed.molview.org/v1/?mode=balls&cid=446541"></iframe>
3D MOL 2D MOL
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 320.3 Topological Polar Surface Area 93.1
XlogP 3.2 Complexity 486
Heavy Atom Count 23 Rotatable Bond Count 6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 2 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 6
Full List of Drug Formulations (DFMs) Containing This API
          Mycophenolic acid 360 mg tablet Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Formulation(s):          7 Formulation(s)
             Drug Formulation 1 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Sodium lauryl sulfate; Fd&c red no. 40; Maltodextrin; Fd&c blue no. 2; Fd&c yellow no. 6; Magnesium stearate; Ammonia; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Croscarmellose sodium; Polyvinyl alcohol; Silicon dioxide; Cellulose, microcrystalline; Crospovidone (15 mpa.s at 5%); Hypromellose acetate succinate 12070923 (3 mm2/s); Hypromelloses; Polyethylene glycols; Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Mylan Pharamceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
Sunset yellow FCF DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 68.4 uM) [3]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
Polyvinyl alcohol DIG Info Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase (EC50 = 354.8 uM) [5]
Magnesium stearate DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
Dextrin DIG Info Colon cancer Caco-2 cells (Inhibition ratio > 55 %) [7]
Carmellose sodium DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression upregulation) [6]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
             Drug Formulation 2 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Sodium lauryl sulfate; Fd&c red no. 40; Maltodextrin; Fd&c blue no. 2; Fd&c yellow no. 6; Magnesium stearate; Ammonia; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Croscarmellose sodium; Silicon dioxide; Crospovidone (15 mpa.s at 5%); Hypromellose acetate succinate 12070923 (3 mm2/s); Hypromellose, unspecified; Microcrystalline cellulose; Polyethylene glycol, unspecified; Polyvinyl alcohol, unspecified; Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Mylan Pharamceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
Sunset yellow FCF DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 68.4 uM) [3]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [3]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
Magnesium stearate DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
Dextrin DIG Info Colon cancer Caco-2 cells (Inhibition ratio > 55 %) [7]
Carmellose sodium DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression upregulation) [6]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
             Drug Formulation 3 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Sodium lauryl sulfate; Magnesium stearate; Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Sodium bicarbonate; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Croscarmellose sodium; Povidone k30; Silicon dioxide; Cellulose, microcrystalline; Methacrylic acid - ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1) type a; Shellac
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Accord Healthcare
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
Magnesium stearate DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
Carmellose sodium DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression upregulation) [6]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
             Drug Formulation 4 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Stearic acid; Sodium lauryl sulfate; Fd&c blue no. 2; Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Silicon dioxide; Hypromelloses; Methacrylic acid - ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1) type a; Methylcellulose (400 mpa.s); Polyethylene glycols
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Golden State Medical Supply
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Stearic acid DIG Info Phosphodiesterase 3A (IC50 = 3.1 uM) [2]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
             Drug Formulation 5 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Stearic acid; Sodium lauryl sulfate; Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Silicon dioxide; Hypromelloses; Methacrylic acid - ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1) type a; Methylcellulose (400 cps); Polyethylene glycols
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Apotex
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Stearic acid DIG Info Phosphodiesterase 3A (IC50 = 3.1 uM) [2]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
             Drug Formulation 6 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Stearic acid; Sodium lauryl sulfate; Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Silicon dioxide; Hypromellose, unspecified; Methacrylic acid - ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1) type a; Methylcellulose (400 mpa.s); Polyethylene glycol, unspecified
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Tablet
                   Company American Health Packaging
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Stearic acid DIG Info Phosphodiesterase 3A (IC50 = 3.1 uM) [2]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
             Drug Formulation 7 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Anhydrous lactose; Magnesium stearate; Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Titanium dioxide; Crospovidone; Povidone k30; Silicon dioxide; Hypromelloses; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Magnesium stearate DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
Crospovidone DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
          Mycophenolic acid 180 mg tablet Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Formulation(s):          7 Formulation(s)
             Drug Formulation 1 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Sodium lauryl sulfate; Maltodextrin; Fd&c blue no. 2; Magnesium stearate; Ammonia; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Croscarmellose sodium; Polyvinyl alcohol; Silicon dioxide; Cellulose, microcrystalline; Crospovidone (15 mpa.s at 5%); Hypromellose acetate succinate 12070923 (3 mm2/s); Hypromelloses; Polyethylene glycols; Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Mylan Pharamceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
Polyvinyl alcohol DIG Info Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase (EC50 = 354.8 uM) [5]
Magnesium stearate DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
Dextrin DIG Info Colon cancer Caco-2 cells (Inhibition ratio > 55 %) [7]
Carmellose sodium DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression upregulation) [6]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
             Drug Formulation 2 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Sodium lauryl sulfate; Maltodextrin; Fd&c blue no. 2; Magnesium stearate; Ammonia; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Croscarmellose sodium; Silicon dioxide; Crospovidone (15 mpa.s at 5%); Hypromellose acetate succinate 12070923 (3 mm2/s); Hypromellose, unspecified; Microcrystalline cellulose; Polyethylene glycol, unspecified; Polyvinyl alcohol, unspecified; Shellac; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Mylan Pharamceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [4]
Magnesium stearate DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
Dextrin DIG Info Colon cancer Caco-2 cells (Inhibition ratio > 55 %) [7]
Carmellose sodium DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression upregulation) [6]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
             Drug Formulation 3 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Sodium lauryl sulfate; Fd&c blue no. 2; Magnesium stearate; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Sodium bicarbonate; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Croscarmellose sodium; Povidone k30; Silicon dioxide; Cellulose, microcrystalline; Methacrylic acid - ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1) type a; Shellac
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Accord Healthcare
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Magnesium stearate DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
Carmellose sodium DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression upregulation) [6]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
             Drug Formulation 4 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Stearic acid; Sodium lauryl sulfate; Fd&c blue no. 2; Ferric oxide yellow; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Silicon dioxide; Hypromelloses; Methacrylic acid - ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1) type a; Methylcellulose (400 cps); Polyethylene glycols
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Apotex
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Stearic acid DIG Info Phosphodiesterase 3A (IC50 = 3.1 uM) [2]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
             Drug Formulation 5 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Stearic acid; Sodium lauryl sulfate; Fd&c blue no. 2; Ferric oxide yellow; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Silicon dioxide; Hypromelloses; Methacrylic acid - ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1) type a; Methylcellulose (400 mpa.s); Polyethylene glycols
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Golden State Medical Supply
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Stearic acid DIG Info Phosphodiesterase 3A (IC50 = 3.1 uM) [2]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
             Drug Formulation 6 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Stearic acid; Sodium lauryl sulfate; Fd&c blue no. 2; Ferric oxide yellow; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Triethyl citrate; Silicon dioxide; Hypromellose, unspecified; Methylcellulose (400 mpa.s); Polyethylene glycol, unspecified
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Tablet
                   Company American Health Packaging
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Stearic acid DIG Info Phosphodiesterase 3A (IC50 = 3.1 uM) [2]
Sodium lauryl sulfate DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 1.98 uM) [3]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
             Drug Formulation 7 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Anhydrous lactose; Fd&c blue no. 2; Magnesium stearate; Ferric oxide yellow; Titanium dioxide; Crospovidone; Povidone k30; Silicon dioxide; Hypromelloses; Starch, corn
                   Dosage Form Delayed Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Avera McKennan Hospital; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Magnesium stearate DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
Crospovidone DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [6]
References
1 FDA label for approved mycophenolic acid from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
2 The activities of drug inactive ingredients on biological targets. Science. 2020 Jul 24;369(6502):403-413.
3 Bacterial metabolism rescues the inhibition of intestinal drug absorption by food and drug additives. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jul 7;117(27):16009-16018.
4 Pharmaceutical excipients inhibit cytochrome P450 activity in cell free systems and after systemic administration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2008 Sep;70(1):279-88.
5 Mediation of in vitro cytochrome p450 activity by common pharmaceutical excipients. Mol Pharm. 2013 Jul 1;10(7):2739-48.
6 Effects of commonly used excipients on the expression of CYP3A4 in colon and liver cells. Pharm Res. 2010 Aug;27(8):1703-12.
7 Interactions between human multidrug resistance related protein (MRP2; ABCC2) and excipients commonly used in self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). Int J Pharm. 2013 Apr 15;447(1-2):192-8.

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