Details of the Biological Target of DIG (DBT)

General Information of DBT (ID: ET09JTN)
Name
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (COX-2)
Synonyms    Click to Show/Hide the Synonyms of This DBT
PGH synthase 2; PGHS-2; PHS II; Prostaglandin H2 synthase 2; Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2; PTGS2; COX2; Cyclooxygenase-2
Family Oxidoreductase (ORase)  >>  Oxygen paired donor oxidoreductase (EC 1.14)
Organism
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene Name PTGS2 Gene ID
5743
UniProt ID PGH2_HUMAN (click to find more protein-related data of this DBT)
TTD ID T66665 (click to find more therapeutic target data of this DBT)
INTEDE ID DME0114 (click to find more drug-metabolizing enzyme data of this DBT)
   Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Function Data (Sequence/Function) of This Target
Sequence
MLARALLLCAVLALSHTANPCCSHPCQNRGVCMSVGFDQYKCDCTRTGFYGENCSTPEFL
TRIKLFLKPTPNTVHYILTHFKGFWNVVNNIPFLRNAIMSYVLTSRSHLIDSPPTYNADY
GYKSWEAFSNLSYYTRALPPVPDDCPTPLGVKGKKQLPDSNEIVEKLLLRRKFIPDPQGS
NMMFAFFAQHFTHQFFKTDHKRGPAFTNGLGHGVDLNHIYGETLARQRKLRLFKDGKMKY
QIIDGEMYPPTVKDTQAEMIYPPQVPEHLRFAVGQEVFGLVPGLMMYATIWLREHNRVCD
VLKQEHPEWGDEQLFQTSRLILIGETIKIVIEDYVQHLSGYHFKLKFDPELLFNKQFQYQ
NRIAAEFNTLYHWHPLLPDTFQIHDQKYNYQQFIYNNSILLEHGITQFVESFTRQIAGRV
AGGRNVPPAVQKVSQASIDQSRQMKYQSFNEYRKRFMLKPYESFEELTGEKEMSAELEAL
YGDIDAVELYPALLVEKPRPDAIFGETMVEVGAPFSLKGLMGNVICSPAYWKPSTFGGEV
GFQIINTASIQSLICNNVKGCPFTSFSVPDPELIKTVTINASSSRSGLDDINPTVLLKER
STEL
Function
Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Constitutively expressed in some tissues in physiological conditions, such as the endothelium, kidney and brain, and in pathological conditions, such as in cancer. PTGS2 is responsible for production of inflammatory prostaglandins. Up-regulation of PTGS2 is also associated with increased cell adhesion, phenotypic changes, resistance to apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis.
Full List of Drug Inactive Ingredients (DIGs) Regulating This DBT
          DIG Name: Allura red AC dye Click to Show/Hide
             Detailed Information DIG Info click to show the detail info of this DIG
             Functional Class    Click to Show/Hide the Functional Class of This DIG
Colorant
             Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 = 26 uM (tested by experiment) [1]
                   Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_HUMAN
          DIG Name: Butylparaben Click to Show/Hide
             Detailed Information DIG Info click to show the detail info of this DIG
             Functional Class    Click to Show/Hide the Functional Class of This DIG
Antimicrobial preservative
             Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 > 3 uM (tested by experiment) [1]
                   Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_HUMAN
          DIG Name: Cetylpyridinium chloride Click to Show/Hide
             Detailed Information DIG Info click to show the detail info of this DIG
             Functional Class    Click to Show/Hide the Functional Class of This DIG
Antimicrobial preservative; Penetration agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant
             Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 = 2.5 uM (tested by experiment) [1]
                   Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_HUMAN
          DIG Name: D&C red no. 28 Click to Show/Hide
             Detailed Information DIG Info click to show the detail info of this DIG
             Functional Class    Click to Show/Hide the Functional Class of This DIG
Colorant
             Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 = 3 uM (tested by experiment) [1]
                   Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_HUMAN
          DIG Name: FD&C blue no. 1 Click to Show/Hide
             Detailed Information DIG Info click to show the detail info of this DIG
             Functional Class    Click to Show/Hide the Functional Class of This DIG
Colorant
             Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 = 22 uM (tested by experiment) [1]
                   Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_HUMAN
          DIG Name: FD&C blue no. 2 Click to Show/Hide
             Detailed Information DIG Info click to show the detail info of this DIG
             Functional Class    Click to Show/Hide the Functional Class of This DIG
Colorant
             Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 = 24 uM (tested by experiment) [1]
                   Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_HUMAN
          DIG Name: Myristic acid Click to Show/Hide
             Detailed Information DIG Info click to show the detail info of this DIG
             Functional Class    Click to Show/Hide the Functional Class of This DIG
Emulsifying agent; Penetration agent; lubricant
             Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 > 500000 nM (tested by experiment) [2]
                   Tested Species Ovis aries (Sheep)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_SHEEP
          DIG Name: Oleic acid Click to Show/Hide
             Detailed Information DIG Info click to show the detail info of this DIG
             Functional Class    Click to Show/Hide the Functional Class of This DIG
Emulsifying agent; Penetration agent; Solubilizing agent
             Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 > 500000 nM (tested by experiment) [2]
                   Tested Species Ovis aries (Sheep)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_SHEEP
             Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 = 3.5 uM (tested by experiment) [1]
                   Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_HUMAN
          DIG Name: Palmitic acid Click to Show/Hide
             Detailed Information DIG Info click to show the detail info of this DIG
             Functional Class    Click to Show/Hide the Functional Class of This DIG
Emulsifying agent; Penetration agent; lubricant
             Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 > 500000 nM (tested by experiment) [2]
                   Tested Species Ovis aries (Sheep)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_SHEEP
             Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 > 3 uM (tested by experiment) [1]
                   Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_HUMAN
          DIG Name: Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Click to Show/Hide
             Detailed Information DIG Info click to show the detail info of this DIG
             Functional Class    Click to Show/Hide the Functional Class of This DIG
Antimicrobial preservative
             Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 > 3 uM (tested by experiment) [1]
                   Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_HUMAN
          DIG Name: Propyl gallate Click to Show/Hide
             Detailed Information DIG Info click to show the detail info of this DIG
             Functional Class    Click to Show/Hide the Functional Class of This DIG
Antimicrobial preservative; Antioxidant
             Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 = 7.2 uM (tested by experiment) [1]
                   Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_HUMAN
          DIG Name: Sodium stearate Click to Show/Hide
             Detailed Information DIG Info click to show the detail info of this DIG
             Functional Class    Click to Show/Hide the Functional Class of This DIG
Emulsifying agent; Gelling agent; Glidant; Modified-release agent; Stiffening agent; lubricant
             Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 > 500000 nM (estimated based on the structural similarity with CHEMBL460025 ) [2]
                   Structural Similarity Tanimoto coefficient = 1
                   Tested Species Ovis aries (Sheep)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_SHEEP
          DIG Name: Stearic acid Click to Show/Hide
             Detailed Information DIG Info click to show the detail info of this DIG
             Functional Class    Click to Show/Hide the Functional Class of This DIG
Emulsifying agent; Solubilizing agent; Viscosity-controlling agent; lubricant
             Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 > 500000 nM (tested by experiment) [2]
                   Tested Species Ovis aries (Sheep)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_SHEEP
          DIG Name: Benzethonium chloride Click to Show/Hide
             Detailed Information DIG Info click to show the detail info of this DIG
             Functional Class    Click to Show/Hide the Functional Class of This DIG
Antimicrobial preservative; Surfactant
             Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 = 24 uM (tested by experiment) [1]
                   Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_HUMAN
          DIG Name: Beta-mercaptoalanine Click to Show/Hide
             Detailed Information DIG Info click to show the detail info of this DIG
             Functional Class    Click to Show/Hide the Functional Class of This DIG
Antioxidant
             Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 = 4.7 uM (tested by experiment) [1]
                   Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_HUMAN
          DIG Name: Chloroxylenol Click to Show/Hide
             Detailed Information DIG Info click to show the detail info of this DIG
             Functional Class    Click to Show/Hide the Functional Class of This DIG
Antimicrobial preservative
             Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 > 3 uM (tested by experiment) [1]
                   Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_HUMAN
          DIG Name: Gentisic acid Click to Show/Hide
             Detailed Information DIG Info click to show the detail info of this DIG
             Functional Class    Click to Show/Hide the Functional Class of This DIG
Antioxidant
             Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity Ki = 5.8 uM (tested by experiment) [1]
                   Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_HUMAN
          DIG Name: Linoleic acid Click to Show/Hide
             Detailed Information DIG Info click to show the detail info of this DIG
             Functional Class    Click to Show/Hide the Functional Class of This DIG
Emulsifying agent; Penetration agent; Solubilizing agent
             Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 = 94000 nM (tested by experiment) [2]
                   Tested Species Ovis aries (Sheep)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_SHEEP
          DIG Name: Methylene blue Click to Show/Hide
             Detailed Information DIG Info click to show the detail info of this DIG
             Functional Class    Click to Show/Hide the Functional Class of This DIG
Colorant
             Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 = 1.8 uM (tested by experiment) [1]
                   Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_HUMAN
          DIG Name: Thimerosal Click to Show/Hide
             Detailed Information DIG Info click to show the detail info of this DIG
             Functional Class    Click to Show/Hide the Functional Class of This DIG
Antimicrobial preservative
             Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 = 19 uM (tested by experiment) [1]
                   Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_HUMAN
          DIG Name: Thymol Click to Show/Hide
             Detailed Information DIG Info click to show the detail info of this DIG
             Functional Class    Click to Show/Hide the Functional Class of This DIG
Antioxidant; Flavoring agent; Penetration agent
             Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 > 3 uM (tested by experiment) [1]
                   Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_HUMAN
          DIG Name: Butylhydroxyanisole Click to Show/Hide
             Detailed Information DIG Info click to show the detail info of this DIG
             Functional Class    Click to Show/Hide the Functional Class of This DIG
Antimicrobial preservative; Antioxidant
             Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 = 2.6 uM (tested by experiment) [1]
                   Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_HUMAN
          DIG Name: Polysorbate 80 Click to Show/Hide
             Detailed Information DIG Info click to show the detail info of this DIG
             Functional Class    Click to Show/Hide the Functional Class of This DIG
Dispersing agent; Emollient; Emulsifying agent; Plasticizing agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; Suspending agent
             Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of This DIG on the Studied DBT
                   Biological Activity IC50 = 2.9 uM (tested by experiment) [1]
                   Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                   UniProt ID PGH2_HUMAN
References
1 The activities of drug inactive ingredients on biological targets. Science. 2020 Jul 24;369(6502):403-413.
2 Cox-2 inhibitory effects of naturally occurring and modified fatty acids. J Nat Prod. 2001 Jun; 64(6):745-9.

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