General Information of DFM (ID: F19310)
Name	Rivastigmine 4.5 mg capsule
Company	Apotex; Golden State Medical Supply
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)	Rivastigmine		API Info click to show the detail info of this API
	Alzheimer disease		ICD-11: 8A20	Approved
Drug Inactive Ingredient (DIGs)
	DIG ID	DIG Info	DIG Name	DIG Functional Class
	E09YYN	DIG Info	Eisenoxyd	Colorant
	E0M0IE	DIG Info	Ferric hydroxide oxide yellow	Colorant
	E02FBG	DIG Info	Ferrosoferric oxide	Colorant
	E06VNY	DIG Info	Stearic acid	Emulsifying agent ...
	E05BSD	DIG Info	Titanium dioxide	Coating agent ...

Full List of Biological Targets of DIG (DBTs) Regulated by DIG(s) in This DFM
G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)
DBT Name: Adenosine receptor A3 (AA3R)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Stearic acid
Biological Activity	IC50 = 10 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	AA3R_HUMAN
Oxidoreductase (ORase)
DBT Name: Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (COX-1)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Stearic acid
Biological Activity	IC50 > 500000 nM (tested by experiment)					[2]
Tested Species	Bos taurus (Bovine)
UniProt ID	PGH1_BOVIN
DBT Name: Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (COX-2)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Stearic acid
Biological Activity	IC50 > 500000 nM (tested by experiment)					[2]
Tested Species	Ovis aries (Sheep)
UniProt ID	PGH2_SHEEP
Hydrolase (HDase)
DBT Name: Phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Stearic acid
Biological Activity	IC50 = 3.1 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PDE3A_HUMAN
DBT Name: Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Stearic acid
Biological Activity	IC50 = 6.7 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PDE4D_HUMAN
Nuclear receptor (NR)
DBT Name: Estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Stearic acid
Biological Activity	IC50 = 16 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ESR1_HUMAN
DBT Name: PPAR-alpha (PPARA)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Stearic acid
Biological Activity	IC50 = 1100 nM (tested by experiment)					[3]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PPARA_HUMAN
DBT Name: PPAR-delta (PPARD)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Stearic acid
Biological Activity	IC50 = 6000 nM (tested by experiment)					[3]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PPARD_HUMAN
DBT Name: PPAR-gamma (PPARG)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Stearic acid
Biological Activity	IC50 = 30000 nM (tested by experiment)					[3]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PPARG_HUMAN
Cell line (CELL)
DBT Name: Colon cancer COLO 205 cells (COLO 205)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Stearic acid
Biological Activity	IC50 > 200000 nM (tested by experiment)					[4]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Cellosaurus ID	CVCL_0218
DBT Name: Colon cancer HT-29 cells (HT-29)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Stearic acid
Biological Activity	IC50 > 200000 nM (tested by experiment)					[4]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Cellosaurus ID	CVCL_0320

References
1	The activities of drug inactive ingredients on biological targets. Science. 2020 Jul 24;369(6502):403-413.
2	Cox-2 inhibitory effects of naturally occurring and modified fatty acids. J Nat Prod. 2001 Jun; 64(6):745-9.
3	Molecular properties of fatty acids related to PPAR binding and metabolic diseases. Med Chem Res (2013) 22:3126-3133.
4	Liposomal formulation of retinoids designed for enzyme triggered release. J Med Chem. 2010 May 13; 53(9):3782-92.

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