Details of the Drug Formulation (DFM)

General Information of DFM (ID: F20397)
Name
Spironolactone 25 mg tablet
Company
Greenstone
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Spironolactone API Info click to show the detail info of this API
Congestive heart failure ICD-11: BD10 Approved
Drug Inactive Ingredient (DIGs)
DIG ID DIG Info DIG Name DIG Functional Class
E0DY5F DIG Info Calcium sulfate dihydrate Desiccant ...
E09YYN DIG Info Eisenoxyd Colorant
E01UTP DIG Info Magnesium stearate lubricant
E0PC2L DIG Info Polyethylene glycol 400 Coating agent ...
E06VNY DIG Info Stearic acid Emulsifying agent ...
E05BSD DIG Info Titanium dioxide Coating agent ...
Full List of Biological Targets of DIG (DBTs) Regulated by DIG(s) in This DFM
      G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)
            DBT Name: Adenosine receptor A3 (AA3R) Click to Show/Hide
               Detailed Information DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
               Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
                    Interacting DIG Stearic acid
                    Biological Activity IC50 = 10 uM (tested by experiment) [1]
                    Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                    UniProt ID AA3R_HUMAN
      Oxidoreductase (ORase)
            DBT Name: Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (COX-1) Click to Show/Hide
               Detailed Information DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
               Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
                    Interacting DIG Stearic acid
                    Biological Activity IC50 > 500000 nM (tested by experiment) [2]
                    Tested Species Bos taurus (Bovine)
                    UniProt ID PGH1_BOVIN
            DBT Name: Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (COX-2) Click to Show/Hide
               Detailed Information DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
               Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
                    Interacting DIG Stearic acid
                    Biological Activity IC50 > 500000 nM (tested by experiment) [2]
                    Tested Species Ovis aries (Sheep)
                    UniProt ID PGH2_SHEEP
            DBT Name: Albendazole monooxygenase (CYP3A4) Click to Show/Hide
               Detailed Information DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
               Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
                    Interacting DIG Magnesium stearate
                    Biological Activity Protein expression downregulation (tested by experiment) [3]
                    Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                    UniProt ID CP3A4_HUMAN
               Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
                    Interacting DIG Polyethylene glycol 400
                    Biological Activity IC50 = 10.77 mg.mL-1 (tested by experiment) [4]
                    Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                    UniProt ID CP3A4_HUMAN
      Hydrolase (HDase)
            DBT Name: Phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) Click to Show/Hide
               Detailed Information DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
               Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
                    Interacting DIG Stearic acid
                    Biological Activity IC50 = 3.1 uM (tested by experiment) [1]
                    Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                    UniProt ID PDE3A_HUMAN
            DBT Name: Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) Click to Show/Hide
               Detailed Information DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
               Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
                    Interacting DIG Stearic acid
                    Biological Activity IC50 = 6.7 uM (tested by experiment) [1]
                    Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                    UniProt ID PDE4D_HUMAN
      Primary active transporter (PAT)
            DBT Name: Multidrug resistance protein 2 (ABCC2) Click to Show/Hide
               Detailed Information DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
               Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
                    Interacting DIG Polyethylene glycol 400
                    Biological Activity Inhibition ratio = 67 % (tested by experiment) [5]
                    Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                    UniProt ID MRP2_HUMAN
               Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
                    Interacting DIG Polyethylene glycol 400
                    Biological Activity Inhibition ratio > 73 % (tested by experiment) [6]
                    Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                    UniProt ID MRP2_HUMAN
            DBT Name: Multidrug resistance protein 1 (ABCB1) Click to Show/Hide
               Detailed Information DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
               Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
                    Interacting DIG Polyethylene glycol 400
                    Biological Activity Inhibition ratio = 28 % (tested by experiment) [7]
                    Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                    UniProt ID MDR1_HUMAN ; MDR3_HUMAN ; ABCB5_HUMAN
               Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
                    Interacting DIG Polyethylene glycol 400
                    Biological Activity Inhibition ratio = 64 % (tested by experiment) [8]
                    Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                    UniProt ID MDR1_HUMAN ; MDR3_HUMAN ; ABCB5_HUMAN
      Potential-driven transporter (PDT)
            DBT Name: Solute carrier SLCO1A2 (OATP-A) Click to Show/Hide
               Detailed Information DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
               Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
                    Interacting DIG Polyethylene glycol 400
                    Biological Activity IC50 = 0.14 %(w/v) (tested by experiment) [9]
                    Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                    UniProt ID SO1A2_HUMAN
               Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
                    Interacting DIG Polyethylene glycol 400
                    Biological Activity IC50 = 0.05 %(w/v) (tested by experiment) [9]
                    Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                    UniProt ID SO1A2_HUMAN
      Nuclear receptor (NR)
            DBT Name: Estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) Click to Show/Hide
               Detailed Information DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
               Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
                    Interacting DIG Stearic acid
                    Biological Activity IC50 = 16 uM (tested by experiment) [1]
                    Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                    UniProt ID ESR1_HUMAN
            DBT Name: PPAR-alpha (PPARA) Click to Show/Hide
               Detailed Information DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
               Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
                    Interacting DIG Stearic acid
                    Biological Activity IC50 = 1100 nM (tested by experiment) [10]
                    Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                    UniProt ID PPARA_HUMAN
            DBT Name: PPAR-delta (PPARD) Click to Show/Hide
               Detailed Information DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
               Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
                    Interacting DIG Stearic acid
                    Biological Activity IC50 = 6000 nM (tested by experiment) [10]
                    Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                    UniProt ID PPARD_HUMAN
            DBT Name: PPAR-gamma (PPARG) Click to Show/Hide
               Detailed Information DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
               Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
                    Interacting DIG Stearic acid
                    Biological Activity IC50 = 30000 nM (tested by experiment) [10]
                    Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                    UniProt ID PPARG_HUMAN
      Cell line (CELL)
            DBT Name: Colon cancer COLO 205 cells (COLO 205) Click to Show/Hide
               Detailed Information DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
               Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
                    Interacting DIG Stearic acid
                    Biological Activity IC50 > 200000 nM (tested by experiment) [11]
                    Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                    Cellosaurus ID CVCL_0218
            DBT Name: Colon cancer HT-29 cells (HT-29) Click to Show/Hide
               Detailed Information DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
               Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
                    Interacting DIG Stearic acid
                    Biological Activity IC50 > 200000 nM (tested by experiment) [11]
                    Tested Species Homo sapiens (Human)
                    Cellosaurus ID CVCL_0320
References
1 The activities of drug inactive ingredients on biological targets. Science. 2020 Jul 24;369(6502):403-413.
2 Cox-2 inhibitory effects of naturally occurring and modified fatty acids. J Nat Prod. 2001 Jun; 64(6):745-9.
3 Effects of commonly used excipients on the expression of CYP3A4 in colon and liver cells. Pharm Res. 2010 Aug;27(8):1703-12.
4 Pharmaceutical excipients inhibit cytochrome P450 activity in cell free systems and after systemic administration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2008 Sep;70(1):279-88.
5 Inhibition of human efflux transporter ABCC2 (MRP2) by self-emulsifying drug delivery system: influences of concentration and combination of excipients. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014;17(4):447-60.
6 Interactions between human multidrug resistance related protein (MRP2; ABCC2) and excipients commonly used in self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). Int J Pharm. 2013 Apr 15;447(1-2):192-8.
7 The effect of polyoxyethylene polymers on the transport of ranitidine in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Int J Pharm. 2011 May 16;409(1-2):164-8.
8 Modulation of intestinal P-glycoprotein function by polyethylene glycols and their derivatives by in vitro transport and in situ absorption studies. Int J Pharm. 2006 Apr 26;313(1-2):49-56.
9 Pharmaceutical excipients influence the function of human uptake transporting proteins. Mol Pharm. 2012 Sep 4;9(9):2577-81.
10 Molecular properties of fatty acids related to PPAR binding and metabolic diseases. Med Chem Res (2013) 22:3126-3133.
11 Liposomal formulation of retinoids designed for enzyme triggered release. J Med Chem. 2010 May 13; 53(9):3782-92.

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