Details of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)

General Information of API (ID: D00505)
Name
Paliperidone
Synonyms    Click to Show/Hide the Synonyms of This API
Paliperidone; 144598-75-4; 9-Hydroxyrisperidone; Invega; C23H27FN4O3; RO76477; PALLIPERIDONE; R-76477; CHEMBL1621; RO-76477; CHEBI:83804; 144598-75-4 (free base); MFCD00871802; 9-hydroxy risperidone; R 76477; HSDB 8148; UNII-838F01T721; Paliperidone/Invega; Paliperidone [USAN:INN:BAN:JAN]; Invega (TN); Risperidone-M 9-hydroxy; 9-Hydroxyrisperidone, 98%; 9-Hydroxyrisperidone solution; JNS-007ER; MLS004773953; SCHEMBL436689; Paliperidone (JAN/USP/INN); GTPL7258; 9-Hydroxyrisperidone-D4 solution; AOB1667; Paliperidone, >=98% (HPLC); RAC 9-HYDROXY RISPERIDONE; BCPP000132; HMS3261B06; HMS3743M09; HMS3887K15; BCP02338; HY-A0019; Tox21_500562; ABP000395; ANW-42875; BDBM50252513; MFCD09955571; AKOS005266713; AKOS016339656; AKOS025392164; AC-1282; BCP9001047; CCG-221866; CM14424; CS-0386; DB01267; KS-1279; LP00562; MCULE-5597043685; PB27526; SDCCGSBI-0633730.P001; YF10040; NCGC00186014-01; NCGC00186014-12; NCGC00261247-01; AK-77508; AS-13860; SMR001456280; AB0018636; Risperidone impurity, 9-hydroxyrisperidone-; 838F01T721; 9-Hydroxy Risperidone-d4 (Paliperidone D4); 9-Hydroxyrisperidone 1.0 mg/ml in Methanol; FT-0600425; FT-0670101; FT-0670102; C21516; D05339; J10457; Q-4343; 598P754; L023985; Q423292; SR-02000000862; Q-101425; SR-02000000862-3; BRD-A99888680-001-04-6; Paliperidone, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Clinical Status
Approved
Disease Indication Bipolar disorder ICD-11: 6A60 [1]
PubChem CID
115237
Formula
C23H27FN4O3
Canonical SMILES
CC1=C(C(=O)N2CCCC(C2=N1)O)CCN3CCC(CC3)C4=NOC5=C4C=CC(=C5)F
InChI
1S/C23H27FN4O3/c1-14-17(23(30)28-9-2-3-19(29)22(28)25-14)8-12-27-10-6-15(7-11-27)21-18-5-4-16(24)13-20(18)31-26-21/h4-5,13,15,19,29H,2-3,6-12H2,1H3
InChIKey
PMXMIIMHBWHSKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
   Click to Show/Hide the Molecular Data (Structure/Property) of This API
Structure
<iframe style="width: 300px; height: 300px;" frameborder="0" src="https://embed.molview.org/v1/?mode=balls&cid=115237"></iframe>
3D MOL 2D MOL
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 426.5 Topological Polar Surface Area 82.2
XlogP 2.2 Complexity 764
Heavy Atom Count 31 Rotatable Bond Count 4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 1 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 7
Full List of Drug Formulations (DFMs) Containing This API
          Paliperidone 9 mg tablet Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Formulation(s):          3 Formulation(s)
             Drug Formulation 1 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Stearic acid; Butylated hydroxytoluene; Fd&c red no. 40; Fd&c blue no. 2; Ammonia; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Sodium chloride; Titanium dioxide; Triacetin; Povidone; Silicon dioxide; Aluminum oxide; Cellulose acetate; Hydroxypropyl cellulose (type h); Hypromelloses; Polydextrose; Polyethylene glycols
                   Dosage Form 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Actavis Pharma
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
Butylated hydroxytoluene DIG Info Carbonic anhydrase II (Ki = 630 nM) [3]
Stearic acid DIG Info Phosphodiesterase 3A (IC50 = 3.1 uM) [2]
FD&C blue no. 2 DIG Info Adenosine receptor A3 (IC50 = 1 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [4]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
Povidone DIG Info Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (IC50 = 78.3 uM) [6]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [7]
             Drug Formulation 2 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Butylated hydroxytoluene; Sodium stearyl fumarate; Fd&c blue no. 1; Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Sodium chloride; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Silicon dioxide; Cellulose acetate; Hydroxypropyl cellulose, unspecified; Hypromellose, unspecified; Polyethylene glycol, unspecified; Polyvinyl alcohol, unspecified
                   Dosage Form 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Mylan Pharamceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [4]
Butylated hydroxytoluene DIG Info Carbonic anhydrase II (Ki = 630 nM) [3]
Sodium stearyl fumarate DIG Info Leukemia K562 cells (IC50 = 20.2 ug.mL-1) [8]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [7]
             Drug Formulation 3 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Stearic acid; Butylated hydroxytoluene; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Sodium chloride; Titanium dioxide; Carnauba wax; Cellulose acetate; Hypromellose, unspecified; Polyethylene glycol, unspecified; Povidone, unspecified
                   Dosage Form 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Janssen Pharmaceutical; Patriot Pharmaceuticals; RemedyRepack
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Butylated hydroxytoluene DIG Info Carbonic anhydrase II (Ki = 630 nM) [3]
Stearic acid DIG Info Phosphodiesterase 3A (IC50 = 3.1 uM) [2]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
          Paliperidone 1.5 mg tablet Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Formulation(s):          4 Formulation(s)
             Drug Formulation 1 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Stearic acid; Butylated hydroxytoluene; Fd&c red no. 40; Ammonia; Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Sodium chloride; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Povidone; Silicon dioxide; Aluminum oxide; Cellulose acetate; Hydroxypropyl cellulose (type h); Hypromelloses; Polyethylene glycols; Polyvinyl alcohol, unspecified
                   Dosage Form 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Actavis Pharma
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
Butylated hydroxytoluene DIG Info Carbonic anhydrase II (Ki = 630 nM) [3]
Stearic acid DIG Info Phosphodiesterase 3A (IC50 = 3.1 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [4]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
Povidone DIG Info Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (IC50 = 78.3 uM) [6]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [7]
             Drug Formulation 2 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Butylated hydroxytoluene; Sodium stearyl fumarate; Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Sodium chloride; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Silicon dioxide; Cellulose acetate; Hydroxypropyl cellulose, unspecified; Hypromellose, unspecified; Polydextrose; Polyethylene glycol, unspecified
                   Dosage Form 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Mylan Pharamceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Butylated hydroxytoluene DIG Info Carbonic anhydrase II (Ki = 630 nM) [3]
Sodium stearyl fumarate DIG Info Leukemia K562 cells (IC50 = 20.2 ug.mL-1) [8]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [7]
             Drug Formulation 3 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Stearic acid; Butylated hydroxytoluene; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Sodium chloride; Titanium dioxide; Carnauba wax; Cellulose acetate; Hypromelloses; Polyethylene glycols; Povidones
                   Dosage Form 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Avera McKennan Hospital
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Butylated hydroxytoluene DIG Info Carbonic anhydrase II (Ki = 630 nM) [3]
Stearic acid DIG Info Phosphodiesterase 3A (IC50 = 3.1 uM) [2]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
             Drug Formulation 4 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Stearic acid; Butylated hydroxytoluene; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Sodium chloride; Titanium dioxide; Carnauba wax; Cellulose acetate; Hypromellose, unspecified; Polyethylene glycol, unspecified; Povidone, unspecified
                   Dosage Form 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Avera McKennan Hospital; Janssen Pharmaceutical; Patriot Pharmaceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Butylated hydroxytoluene DIG Info Carbonic anhydrase II (Ki = 630 nM) [3]
Stearic acid DIG Info Phosphodiesterase 3A (IC50 = 3.1 uM) [2]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
          Paliperidone 3 mg tablet Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Formulation(s):          4 Formulation(s)
             Drug Formulation 1 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Stearic acid; Lactose monohydrate; Butylated hydroxytoluene; Fd&c red no. 40; Ammonia; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Sodium chloride; Titanium dioxide; Triacetin; Povidone; Silicon dioxide; Aluminum oxide; Cellulose acetate; Hydroxypropyl cellulose (type h); Hypromelloses; Polyethylene glycols
                   Dosage Form 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Actavis Pharma
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
Butylated hydroxytoluene DIG Info Carbonic anhydrase II (Ki = 630 nM) [3]
Stearic acid DIG Info Phosphodiesterase 3A (IC50 = 3.1 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [4]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
Povidone DIG Info Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (IC50 = 78.3 uM) [6]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [7]
             Drug Formulation 2 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Butylated hydroxytoluene; Sodium stearyl fumarate; Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Sodium chloride; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Silicon dioxide; Cellulose acetate; Hydroxypropyl cellulose, unspecified; Hypromellose, unspecified; Polyethylene glycol, unspecified; Polyvinyl alcohol, unspecified
                   Dosage Form 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Mylan Pharamceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Butylated hydroxytoluene DIG Info Carbonic anhydrase II (Ki = 630 nM) [3]
Sodium stearyl fumarate DIG Info Leukemia K562 cells (IC50 = 20.2 ug.mL-1) [8]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [7]
             Drug Formulation 3 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Stearic acid; Lactose monohydrate; Butylated hydroxytoluene; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Sodium chloride; Titanium dioxide; Triacetin; Carnauba wax; Cellulose acetate; Hypromelloses; Polyethylene glycols; Povidones
                   Dosage Form 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Avera McKennan Hospital; RemedyRepack; TYA Pharmaceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Butylated hydroxytoluene DIG Info Carbonic anhydrase II (Ki = 630 nM) [3]
Stearic acid DIG Info Phosphodiesterase 3A (IC50 = 3.1 uM) [2]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
             Drug Formulation 4 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Stearic acid; Lactose monohydrate; Butylated hydroxytoluene; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Sodium chloride; Titanium dioxide; Triacetin; Carnauba wax; Cellulose acetate; Hypromellose, unspecified; Polyethylene glycol, unspecified; Povidone, unspecified
                   Dosage Form 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Janssen Pharmaceutical; Patriot Pharmaceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Butylated hydroxytoluene DIG Info Carbonic anhydrase II (Ki = 630 nM) [3]
Stearic acid DIG Info Phosphodiesterase 3A (IC50 = 3.1 uM) [2]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
          Paliperidone 6 mg tablet Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Formulation(s):          6 Formulation(s)
             Drug Formulation 1 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Stearic acid; Butylated hydroxytoluene; Fd&c red no. 40; Ammonia; Ferric oxide red; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Sodium chloride; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Povidone; Silicon dioxide; Aluminum oxide; Cellulose acetate; Hydroxypropyl cellulose (type h); Hypromelloses; Polyethylene glycols; Polyvinyl alcohol, unspecified
                   Dosage Form 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Actavis Pharma
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
Butylated hydroxytoluene DIG Info Carbonic anhydrase II (Ki = 630 nM) [3]
Stearic acid DIG Info Phosphodiesterase 3A (IC50 = 3.1 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [4]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
Povidone DIG Info Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (IC50 = 78.3 uM) [6]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [7]
             Drug Formulation 2 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Stearic acid; Butylated hydroxytoluene; Fd&c red no. 40; Ferric oxide red; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Sodium chloride; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Polyvinyl alcohol; Silicon dioxide; Aluminum oxide; Cellulose acetate; Hydroxypropyl cellulose (type h); Hypromelloses; Polyethylene glycols; Povidones
                   Dosage Form 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Carilion Materials Management
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 4.7 uM) [2]
Butylated hydroxytoluene DIG Info Carbonic anhydrase II (Ki = 630 nM) [3]
Stearic acid DIG Info Phosphodiesterase 3A (IC50 = 3.1 uM) [2]
Allura red AC dye DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 2.59 uM) [4]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
Polyvinyl alcohol DIG Info Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase (EC50 = 354.8 uM) [6]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [7]
             Drug Formulation 3 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Butylated hydroxytoluene; Sodium stearyl fumarate; Fd&c blue no. 1; Ferric oxide red; Ferric oxide yellow; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Sodium chloride; Talc; Titanium dioxide; Silicon dioxide; Cellulose acetate; Hydroxypropyl cellulose, unspecified; Hypromellose, unspecified; Polyethylene glycol, unspecified; Polyvinyl alcohol, unspecified
                   Dosage Form 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Mylan Pharamceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
FD&C blue no. 1 DIG Info Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (Ki = 13 uM) [4]
Butylated hydroxytoluene DIG Info Carbonic anhydrase II (Ki = 630 nM) [3]
Sodium stearyl fumarate DIG Info Leukemia K562 cells (IC50 = 20.2 ug.mL-1) [8]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
Silicon dioxide DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Protein expression downregulation) [7]
             Drug Formulation 4 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Stearic acid; Butylated hydroxytoluene; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Sodium chloride; Titanium dioxide; Povidone; Carnauba wax; Cellulose acetate; Hypromelloses; Polyethylene glycol
                   Dosage Form 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Rebel Distributors
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Butylated hydroxytoluene DIG Info Carbonic anhydrase II (Ki = 630 nM) [3]
Stearic acid DIG Info Phosphodiesterase 3A (IC50 = 3.1 uM) [2]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
Povidone DIG Info Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (IC50 = 78.3 uM) [6]
             Drug Formulation 5 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Stearic acid; Butylated hydroxytoluene; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Sodium chloride; Titanium dioxide; Carnauba wax; Cellulose acetate; Hypromelloses; Polyethylene glycols; Povidones
                   Dosage Form 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Avera McKennan Hospital
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Butylated hydroxytoluene DIG Info Carbonic anhydrase II (Ki = 630 nM) [3]
Stearic acid DIG Info Phosphodiesterase 3A (IC50 = 3.1 uM) [2]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
             Drug Formulation 6 DFM Info click to show the detail info of this DFM
                   All DIGs    Click to Show/Hide the Full List of DIGs in This DFM
Stearic acid; Butylated hydroxytoluene; Ferrosoferric oxide; Propylene glycol; Sodium chloride; Titanium dioxide; Carnauba wax; Cellulose acetate; Hypromellose, unspecified; Polyethylene glycol, unspecified; Povidone, unspecified
                   Dosage Form 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet
                   Company Janssen Pharmaceutical; Patriot Pharmaceuticals
                   DIG(s) with
                   Biological Activity
DIG Name DIG Info Representative Biological Activity of This DIG REF
Butylated hydroxytoluene DIG Info Carbonic anhydrase II (Ki = 630 nM) [3]
Stearic acid DIG Info Phosphodiesterase 3A (IC50 = 3.1 uM) [2]
Propylene glycol DIG Info Albendazole monooxygenase (Inhibition ratio < 20 %) [5]
References
1 FDA label for approved paliperidone from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
2 The activities of drug inactive ingredients on biological targets. Science. 2020 Jul 24;369(6502):403-413.
3 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of human erythrocyte isozymes I and II with a series of antioxidant phenols. Bioorg Med Chem. 2009 Apr 15; 17(8):3207-11.
4 Bacterial metabolism rescues the inhibition of intestinal drug absorption by food and drug additives. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jul 7;117(27):16009-16018.
5 Pharmaceutical excipients inhibit cytochrome P450 activity in cell free systems and after systemic administration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2008 Sep;70(1):279-88.
6 Mediation of in vitro cytochrome p450 activity by common pharmaceutical excipients. Mol Pharm. 2013 Jul 1;10(7):2739-48.
7 Effects of commonly used excipients on the expression of CYP3A4 in colon and liver cells. Pharm Res. 2010 Aug;27(8):1703-12.
8 Synthesis and evaluation of (-)-Massoialactone and analogues as potential anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents. Eur J Med Chem. 2014 Apr 9; 76:291-300.

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