General Information of DFM (ID: F23339)
Name	Ceftibuten Dihydrate eq 400mg base capsule
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)	Ceftibuten		API Info click to show the detail info of this API
	Bronchitis		ICD-11: CA20	Approved
Drug Inactive Ingredient (DIGs)
	DIG ID	DIG Info	DIG Name	DIG Functional Class
	E0R4JL	DIG Info	Polysorbate 80	Dispersing agent ...
	E0Q3PU	DIG Info	Saccharose	Binding agent ...
	E01UTV	DIG Info	Silicon dioxide	Anticaking agent ...
	E0K5HA	DIG Info	Simethicone	Antifoaming agent ...
	E0Y7PW	DIG Info	Sodium benzoate	Antimicrobial preservative ...
	E05BSD	DIG Info	Titanium dioxide	Coating agent ...
	E05XHE	DIG Info	Xanthan gum	Bioadhesive material ...

Full List of Biological Targets of DIG (DBTs) Regulated by DIG(s) in This DFM
G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)
DBT Name: Adenosine receptor A3 (AA3R)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 9.3 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	AA3R_HUMAN
DBT Name: Muscarinic receptor M1 (ACM1)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 2.6 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ACM1_HUMAN
DBT Name: Muscarinic receptor M2 (ACM2)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 1.3 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ACM2_HUMAN
DBT Name: Opioid receptor kappa (OPRK1)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Simethicone
Biological Activity	IC50 = 155 nM (estimated based on the structural similarity with CHEMBL1707 )					[2]
Structural Similarity	Tanimoto coefficient = 0.942028986
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	OPRK_HUMAN
DBT Name: Opioid receptor mu (OPRM1)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Simethicone
Biological Activity	IC50 = 1.5 nM (estimated based on the structural similarity with CHEMBL1707 )					[2]
Structural Similarity	Tanimoto coefficient = 0.942028986
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	OPRM_HUMAN
DBT Name: Dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 22 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	DRD3_HUMAN
DBT Name: Histamine H3 receptor (HRH3)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 5.3 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	HRH3_HUMAN
DBT Name: Thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 12 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	TA2R_HUMAN
Oxidoreductase (ORase)
DBT Name: Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (COX-1)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 1 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PGH1_HUMAN
DBT Name: Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (COX-2)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 2.9 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PGH2_HUMAN
DBT Name: Cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	Inhibition (tested by experiment)					[3]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN ; CP3A5_HUMAN ; CP3A7_HUMAN ; CP343_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	Protein expression downregulation (tested by experiment)					[4]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN ; CP3A5_HUMAN ; CP3A7_HUMAN ; CP343_HUMAN
DBT Name: Albendazole monooxygenase (CYP3A4)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 201 uM (tested by experiment)					[5]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 400 uM (tested by experiment)					[6]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN
Experiment (3) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	Protein expression downregulation (tested by experiment)					[7]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN
Experiment (4) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Silicon dioxide
Biological Activity	Protein expression downregulation (tested by experiment)					[7]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN
DBT Name: Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 225 uM (tested by experiment)					[5]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP2E1_HUMAN
DBT Name: Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	EC50 = 374.2 uM (tested by experiment)					[5]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP2C9_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 40 uM (tested by experiment)					[6]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP2C9_HUMAN
DBT Name: Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 118.6 uM (tested by experiment)					[5]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP2CJ_HUMAN
DBT Name: Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase (CYP2D6)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	EC50 = 486.4 uM (tested by experiment)					[5]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP2D6_HUMAN
DBT Name: Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 186.4 uM (tested by experiment)					[5]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A5_HUMAN
Hydrolase (HDase)
DBT Name: Phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 > 3 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PDE3A_HUMAN
DBT Name: Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 > 10 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PDE4D_HUMAN
Lyase/isomerase/ligase (L/I/G)
DBT Name: Carbonic anhydrase II (CA2)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Sodium benzoate
Biological Activity	Ki = 30000 nM (tested by experiment)					[8]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CAH2_HUMAN
DBT Name: Carbonic anhydrase IV (CA4)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Sodium benzoate
Biological Activity	Ki = 74700 nM (tested by experiment)					[8]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CAH4_HUMAN
Primary active transporter (PAT)
DBT Name: Multidrug resistance protein 1 (ABCB1)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 0.31 mg.mL-1 (tested by experiment)					[9]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	MDR1_HUMAN ; MDR3_HUMAN ; ABCB5_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	Inhibition ratio = 60 % (tested by experiment)					[10]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	MDR1_HUMAN ; MDR3_HUMAN ; ABCB5_HUMAN
Experiment (3) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	Inhibition ratio > 250 % (tested by experiment)					[11]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	MDR1_HUMAN ; MDR3_HUMAN ; ABCB5_HUMAN
Nuclear receptor (NR)
DBT Name: Estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 > 10 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ESR1_HUMAN
DBT Name: Progesterone receptor (PGR)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 21 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PRGR_HUMAN
Cell line (CELL)
DBT Name: Colon cancer Caco-2 cells (Caco-2)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	Chylomicron secretion upregulation (tested by experiment)					[12]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)

References
1	The activities of drug inactive ingredients on biological targets. Science. 2020 Jul 24;369(6502):403-413.
2	From hit to lead. Combining two complementary methods for focused library design. Application to mu opiate ligands. J Med Chem. 2001 Oct 11; 44(21):3378-90.
3	In vitro investigation on the impact of the surface-active excipients Cremophor EL, Tween 80 and Solutol HS 15 on the metabolism of midazolam. iopharm Drug Dispos. 2004 Jan;25(1):37-49.
4	Scientific perspectives on extending the provision for waivers of in vivo bioavailability and bioequivalence studies for drug products containing high solubility-low permeability drugs (BCS-Class 3). AAPS J. 2008 Jun;10(2):300-5.
5	Mediation of in vitro cytochrome p450 activity by common pharmaceutical excipients. Mol Pharm. 2013 Jul 1;10(7):2739-48.
6	Effects of non-ionic surfactants on cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism in vitro. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2011 May;78(1):166-72.
7	Effects of commonly used excipients on the expression of CYP3A4 in colon and liver cells. Pharm Res. 2010 Aug;27(8):1703-12.
8	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of isozymes I, II, IV, V, and IX with carboxylates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2005 Feb 1; 15(3):573-8.
9	Reversal of multidrug resistance by surfactants. Br J Cancer. 1992 Jul;66(1):62-8.
10	A comparison of commonly used polyethoxylated pharmaceutical excipients on their ability to inhibit P-glycoprotein activity in vitro. J Pharm Sci. 2002 Sep;91(9):1991-2002.
11	Effect of excipients on breast cancer resistance protein substrate uptake activity. J Control Release. 2007 Dec 4;124(1-2):1-5.
12	Stimulation of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein secretion by polysorbate 80: in vitro and in vivo correlation using Caco-2 cells and a cannulated rat intestinal lymphatic model. Pharm Res. 2004 Dec;21(12):2320-6.

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