General Information of DFM (ID: F12450)
Name	Loperamide 2 mg capsule
Company	Lil Drug Store Products
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)	Loperamide		API Info click to show the detail info of this API
	Irritable bowel syndrome		ICD-11: DD91	Approved
Drug Inactive Ingredient (DIGs)
	DIG ID	DIG Info	DIG Name	DIG Functional Class
	E0QV6C	DIG Info	Butylhydroxyanisole	Antimicrobial preservative ...
	E0IC9H	DIG Info	FD&C blue no. 1	Colorant
	E06WYP	DIG Info	Glycerin	Antimicrobial preservative ...
	E03VAV	DIG Info	Glyceryl monocaprylate	Emollient ...
	E0VK1L	DIG Info	Hydrogenated polyoxyl 40 castor oil	Emulsifying agent ...
	E0H2SC	DIG Info	Water	Solvent

Full List of Biological Targets of DIG (DBTs) Regulated by DIG(s) in This DFM
G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)
DBT Name: Serotonin receptor 2B (5HT2B)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	FD&C blue no. 1
Biological Activity	EC50 > 10 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	5HT2B_HUMAN
DBT Name: Cannabinoid CB2 receptor (CNR2)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	FD&C blue no. 1
Biological Activity	EC50 = 608.6 nM (estimated based on the structural similarity with CHEMBL2326294 )					[2]
Structural Similarity	Tanimoto coefficient = 0.805970149
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CNR2_HUMAN
DBT Name: Muscarinic receptor M1 (ACM1)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Butylhydroxyanisole
Biological Activity	IC50 = 19 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ACM1_HUMAN
DBT Name: Alpha-1A adrenoceptor (ADA1A)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Butylhydroxyanisole
Biological Activity	IC50 = 19 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ADA1A_HUMAN
Oxidoreductase (ORase)
DBT Name: Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (COX-2)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	FD&C blue no. 1
Biological Activity	IC50 = 22 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PGH2_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Butylhydroxyanisole
Biological Activity	IC50 = 2.6 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PGH2_HUMAN
DBT Name: Cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Hydrogenated polyoxyl 40 castor oil
Biological Activity	Protein expression downregulation (tested by experiment)					[3]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN ; CP3A5_HUMAN ; CP3A7_HUMAN ; CP343_HUMAN
DBT Name: Albendazole monooxygenase (CYP3A4)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Hydrogenated polyoxyl 40 castor oil
Biological Activity	IC50 = 800 uM (tested by experiment)					[4]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Hydrogenated polyoxyl 40 castor oil
Biological Activity	IC50 = 0.25 mg.mL-1 (tested by experiment)					[5]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN
DBT Name: Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Hydrogenated polyoxyl 40 castor oil
Biological Activity	IC50 = 30 uM (tested by experiment)					[4]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP2C9_HUMAN
Hydrolase (HDase)
DBT Name: Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	FD&C blue no. 1
Biological Activity	IC50 > 10 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ACES_HUMAN
DBT Name: Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	FD&C blue no. 1
Biological Activity	IC50 = 28 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PDE4D_HUMAN
Potential-driven transporter (PDT)
DBT Name: Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (OATPB)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	FD&C blue no. 1
Biological Activity	Inhibition ratio = 80.5 % (tested by experiment)					[6]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	SO2B1_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	FD&C blue no. 1
Biological Activity	Ki = 13 uM (tested by experiment)					[6]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	SO2B1_HUMAN
Nuclear receptor (NR)
DBT Name: Progesterone receptor (PGR)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Butylhydroxyanisole
Biological Activity	IC50 = 29 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PRGR_HUMAN

References
1	The activities of drug inactive ingredients on biological targets. Science. 2020 Jul 24;369(6502):403-413.
2	Novel triaryl sulfonamide derivatives as selective cannabinoid receptor 2 inverse agonists and osteoclast inhibitors: discovery, optimization, and biological evaluation. J Med Chem. 2013 Mar 14; 56(5):2045-58.
3	Scientific perspectives on extending the provision for waivers of in vivo bioavailability and bioequivalence studies for drug products containing high solubility-low permeability drugs (BCS-Class 3). AAPS J. 2008 Jun;10(2):300-5.
4	Effects of non-ionic surfactants on cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism in vitro. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2011 May;78(1):166-72.
5	Pharmaceutical excipients inhibit cytochrome P450 activity in cell free systems and after systemic administration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2008 Sep;70(1):279-88.
6	Bacterial metabolism rescues the inhibition of intestinal drug absorption by food and drug additives. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jul 7;117(27):16009-16018.

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