General Information of DFM (ID: F23760)
Name	Gentamicin 0.1% ointment
Company	Sola Pharmaceuticals
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)	Gentamicin		API Info click to show the detail info of this API
				Approved
Drug Inactive Ingredient (DIGs)
	DIG ID	DIG Info	DIG Name	DIG Functional Class
	E05GFF	DIG Info	Butylparaben	Antimicrobial preservative
	E07RWU	DIG Info	Isopropyl myristate	Emollient ...
	E0V6QI	DIG Info	methylparaben	Antimicrobial preservative
	E00WHR	DIG Info	Polysorbate 40	Dispersing agent ...
	E0M1JK	DIG Info	Propylene glycol	Antimicrobial preservative ...
	E0G5FT	DIG Info	Sorbitan tristearate	Dispersing agent ...
	E06VNY	DIG Info	Stearic acid	Emulsifying agent ...
	E0H2SC	DIG Info	Water	Solvent

Full List of Biological Targets of DIG (DBTs) Regulated by DIG(s) in This DFM
G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)
DBT Name: Adenosine receptor A3 (AA3R)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Stearic acid
Biological Activity	IC50 = 10 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	AA3R_HUMAN
DBT Name: Muscarinic receptor M1 (ACM1)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Butylparaben
Biological Activity	IC50 = 12 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ACM1_HUMAN
DBT Name: Alpha-1A adrenoceptor (ADA1A)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Butylparaben
Biological Activity	IC50 = 16.4 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ADA1A_HUMAN
DBT Name: Thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Butylparaben
Biological Activity	IC50 = 19 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	TA2R_HUMAN
Oxidoreductase (ORase)
DBT Name: Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (COX-1)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Stearic acid
Biological Activity	IC50 > 500000 nM (tested by experiment)					[2]
Tested Species	Bos taurus (Bovine)
UniProt ID	PGH1_BOVIN
DBT Name: Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (COX-2)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Stearic acid
Biological Activity	IC50 > 500000 nM (tested by experiment)					[2]
Tested Species	Ovis aries (Sheep)
UniProt ID	PGH2_SHEEP
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Butylparaben
Biological Activity	IC50 > 3 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PGH2_HUMAN
DBT Name: Albendazole monooxygenase (CYP3A4)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Propylene glycol
Biological Activity	Inhibition ratio < 20 % (tested by experiment)					[3]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN
Hydrolase (HDase)
DBT Name: Phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Stearic acid
Biological Activity	IC50 = 3.1 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PDE3A_HUMAN
DBT Name: Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Stearic acid
Biological Activity	IC50 = 6.7 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PDE4D_HUMAN
Lyase/isomerase/ligase (L/I/G)
DBT Name: Carbonic anhydrase I (CA1)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	methylparaben
Biological Activity	Ki = 2600 nM (tested by experiment)					[4]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CAH1_HUMAN
DBT Name: Carbonic anhydrase II (CA2)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	methylparaben
Biological Activity	Ki = 3400 nM (tested by experiment)					[4]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CAH2_HUMAN
DBT Name: Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	methylparaben
Biological Activity	Ki = 5500 nM (tested by experiment)					[4]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CAH9_HUMAN
DBT Name: Carbonic anhydrase VII (CA7)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	methylparaben
Biological Activity	Ki = 780 nM (tested by experiment)					[4]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CAH7_HUMAN
DBT Name: Carbonic anhydrase XII (CA12)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	methylparaben
Biological Activity	Ki = 820 nM (tested by experiment)					[4]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CAH12_HUMAN
DBT Name: Carbonic anhydrase XIV (CA14)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	methylparaben
Biological Activity	Ki = 4100 nM (tested by experiment)					[4]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CAH14_HUMAN
Potential-driven transporter (PDT)
DBT Name: Dopamine transporter (DAT)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Butylparaben
Biological Activity	IC50 = 19 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	SC6A3_HUMAN
DBT Name: Norepinephrine transporter (NET)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Butylparaben
Biological Activity	IC50 = 20 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	SC6A2_HUMAN
DBT Name: Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (OATPB)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Butylparaben
Biological Activity	Inhibition ratio = 73.5 % (tested by experiment)					[5]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	SO2B1_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Butylparaben
Biological Activity	Ki = 44.3 uM (tested by experiment)					[5]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	SO2B1_HUMAN
DBT Name: Monoamine transporter VAT2 (VMAT2)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Butylparaben
Biological Activity	Ki = 6.6 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	VMAT2_HUMAN
Transmembrane channel/porin (TC/P)
DBT Name: Sodium channel alpha Nav1.5 (SCN5A)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Butylparaben
Biological Activity	Ki = 33 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	SCN5A_HUMAN
Nuclear receptor (NR)
DBT Name: Androgen receptor (AR)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	methylparaben
Biological Activity	IC50 > 426579.52 nM (tested by experiment)					[6]
Tested Species	Rattus norvegicus (Rat)
UniProt ID	ANDR_RAT
DBT Name: Estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Butylparaben
Biological Activity	IC50 = 1420 nM (tested by experiment)					[7]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ESR1_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Stearic acid
Biological Activity	IC50 = 16 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ESR1_HUMAN
Experiment (3) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Butylparaben
Biological Activity	IC50 = 3.5 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ESR1_HUMAN
DBT Name: Oxysterols receptor LXR-beta (NR1H2)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Butylparaben
Biological Activity	Ki = 66000 nM (tested by experiment)					[8]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	NR1H2_HUMAN
DBT Name: PPAR-alpha (PPARA)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Stearic acid
Biological Activity	IC50 = 1100 nM (tested by experiment)					[9]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PPARA_HUMAN
DBT Name: PPAR-delta (PPARD)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Stearic acid
Biological Activity	IC50 = 6000 nM (tested by experiment)					[9]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PPARD_HUMAN
DBT Name: PPAR-gamma (PPARG)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Stearic acid
Biological Activity	IC50 = 30000 nM (tested by experiment)					[9]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PPARG_HUMAN
Cell line (CELL)
DBT Name: Lung cancer A-549 cells (A-549)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	methylparaben
Biological Activity	IC50 > 20 ug.mL-1 (tested by experiment)					[10]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Cellosaurus ID	CVCL_0023
DBT Name: Colon cancer COLO 205 cells (COLO 205)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Stearic acid
Biological Activity	IC50 > 200000 nM (tested by experiment)					[11]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Cellosaurus ID	CVCL_0218
DBT Name: Hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells (HepG2)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	methylparaben
Biological Activity	IC50 > 20 ug.mL-1 (tested by experiment)					[10]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Cellosaurus ID	CVCL_0027
DBT Name: Colon cancer HT-29 cells (HT-29)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Stearic acid
Biological Activity	IC50 > 200000 nM (tested by experiment)					[11]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Cellosaurus ID	CVCL_0320
DBT Name: Cervical cancer KB cells (KB)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	methylparaben
Biological Activity	IC50 > 200000 nM (tested by experiment)					[12]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Cellosaurus ID	CVCL_0372
DBT Name: Carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells (MDA-MB-231)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	methylparaben
Biological Activity	IC50 > 20 ug.mL-1 (tested by experiment)					[10]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Cellosaurus ID	CVCL_0062

References
1	The activities of drug inactive ingredients on biological targets. Science. 2020 Jul 24;369(6502):403-413.
2	Cox-2 inhibitory effects of naturally occurring and modified fatty acids. J Nat Prod. 2001 Jun; 64(6):745-9.
3	Pharmaceutical excipients inhibit cytochrome P450 activity in cell free systems and after systemic administration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2008 Sep;70(1):279-88.
4	Mono-/dihydroxybenzoic acid esters and phenol pyridinium derivatives as inhibitors of the mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, IX, XII and XIV. Bioorg Med Chem. 2013 Mar 15; 21(6):1564-9.
5	Bacterial metabolism rescues the inhibition of intestinal drug absorption by food and drug additives. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jul 7;117(27):16009-16018.
6	Impact of induced fit on ligand binding to the androgen receptor: a multidimensional QSAR study to predict endocrine-disrupting effects of environmental chemicals. J Med Chem. 2005 Sep 8; 48(18):5666-74.
7	Disconnecting the Estrogen Receptor Binding Properties and Antimicrobial Properties of Parabens through 3,5-Substitution. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2017 Dec 15; 9(1):51-55.
8	Identify liver X receptor modulator building blocks by developing a fluorescence polarization-based competition assay. Eur J Med Chem. 2019 Sep 15; 178:458-467.
9	Molecular properties of fatty acids related to PPAR binding and metabolic diseases. Med Chem Res (2013) 22:3126-3133.
10	Bioactive Phenolic Components from the Twigs of Atalantia buxifolia. J Nat Prod. 2018 Jul 27; 81(7):1534-1539.
11	Liposomal formulation of retinoids designed for enzyme triggered release. J Med Chem. 2010 May 13; 53(9):3782-92.
12	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 12 allenic aromatic ethers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007 May 15; 17(10):2785-8.

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