General Information of DFM (ID: F05183)
Name	Cyclosporin A 25 mg capsule
Company	AbbVie
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)	Cyclosporin A		API Info click to show the detail info of this API
	Rheumatoid arthritis		ICD-11: FA20	Approved
Drug Inactive Ingredient (DIGs)
	DIG ID	DIG Info	DIG Name	DIG Functional Class
	E0L3MB	DIG Info	FD&C blue no. 2	Colorant
	E0CX3L	DIG Info	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil	Emulsifying agent ...
	E0R4JL	DIG Info	Polysorbate 80	Dispersing agent ...
	E0M1JK	DIG Info	Propylene glycol	Antimicrobial preservative ...
	E0T3FM	DIG Info	Sorbitan monooleate	Dispersing agent ...
	E05BSD	DIG Info	Titanium dioxide	Coating agent ...

Full List of Biological Targets of DIG (DBTs) Regulated by DIG(s) in This DFM
G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)
DBT Name: Adenosine receptor A3 (AA3R)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	FD&C blue no. 2
Biological Activity	IC50 = 1 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	AA3R_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 9.3 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	AA3R_HUMAN
DBT Name: Muscarinic receptor M1 (ACM1)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 2.6 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ACM1_HUMAN
DBT Name: Muscarinic receptor M2 (ACM2)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 1.3 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ACM2_HUMAN
DBT Name: Dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 22 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	DRD3_HUMAN
DBT Name: Histamine H3 receptor (HRH3)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 5.3 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	HRH3_HUMAN
DBT Name: Thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 12 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	TA2R_HUMAN
Oxidoreductase (ORase)
DBT Name: Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	FD&C blue no. 2
Biological Activity	IC50 > 3 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	AOFA_HUMAN
DBT Name: Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (COX-1)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 1 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PGH1_HUMAN
DBT Name: Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (COX-2)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	FD&C blue no. 2
Biological Activity	IC50 = 24 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PGH2_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 2.9 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PGH2_HUMAN
DBT Name: Cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	IC50 = 250 uM (tested by experiment)					[2]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN ; CP3A5_HUMAN ; CP3A7_HUMAN ; CP343_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	Inhibition (tested by experiment)					[3]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN ; CP3A5_HUMAN ; CP3A7_HUMAN ; CP343_HUMAN
Experiment (3) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	Inhibition (tested by experiment)					[3]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN ; CP3A5_HUMAN ; CP3A7_HUMAN ; CP343_HUMAN
Experiment (4) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	Protein expression downregulation (tested by experiment)					[4]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN ; CP3A5_HUMAN ; CP3A7_HUMAN ; CP343_HUMAN
DBT Name: Albendazole monooxygenase (CYP3A4)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Propylene glycol
Biological Activity	Inhibition ratio < 20 % (tested by experiment)					[5]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	EC50 = 306.5 uM (tested by experiment)					[6]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN
Experiment (3) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	IC50 = 600 uM (tested by experiment)					[7]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN
Experiment (4) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 201 uM (tested by experiment)					[6]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN
Experiment (5) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 400 uM (tested by experiment)					[7]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN
Experiment (6) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	Protein expression downregulation (tested by experiment)					[8]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN
DBT Name: Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	EC50 = 113.3 uM (tested by experiment)					[6]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP2E1_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 225 uM (tested by experiment)					[6]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP2E1_HUMAN
DBT Name: Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	EC50 = 41.1 uM (tested by experiment)					[6]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP2C9_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	IC50 = 30 uM (tested by experiment)					[7]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP2C9_HUMAN
Experiment (3) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	EC50 = 374.2 uM (tested by experiment)					[6]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP2C9_HUMAN
Experiment (4) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 40 uM (tested by experiment)					[7]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP2C9_HUMAN
DBT Name: Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	EC50 = 36.1 uM (tested by experiment)					[6]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP2CJ_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 118.6 uM (tested by experiment)					[6]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP2CJ_HUMAN
DBT Name: Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase (CYP2D6)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	EC50 = 486.4 uM (tested by experiment)					[6]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP2D6_HUMAN
DBT Name: Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	EC50 = 10.1 uM (tested by experiment)					[6]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A5_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 186.4 uM (tested by experiment)					[6]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A5_HUMAN
Transferase (TFase)
DBT Name: VEGF-2 receptor (KDR)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	FD&C blue no. 2
Biological Activity	IC50 = 3.1 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	VGFR2_HUMAN
Hydrolase (HDase)
DBT Name: Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1D (PTPN11)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	FD&C blue no. 2
Biological Activity	IC50 = 7940 nM (estimated based on the structural similarity with CHEMBL3692077 )					[9]
Structural Similarity	Tanimoto coefficient = 0.822222222
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PTN11_HUMAN
DBT Name: Phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 > 3 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PDE3A_HUMAN
DBT Name: Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 > 10 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PDE4D_HUMAN
Lyase/isomerase/ligase (L/I/G)
DBT Name: Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CYP1A2)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	EC50 = 1.1 uM (tested by experiment)					[6]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP1A2_HUMAN
Primary active transporter (PAT)
DBT Name: Multidrug resistance protein 2 (ABCC2)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	Inhibition ratio = 51 % (tested by experiment)					[10]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	MRP2_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	Inhibition ratio > 73 % (tested by experiment)					[11]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	MRP2_HUMAN
DBT Name: Multidrug resistance protein 1 (ABCB1)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	IC50 = 5 mg.mL-1 (tested by experiment)					[12]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	MDR1_HUMAN ; MDR3_HUMAN ; ABCB5_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	Inhibition ratio = 61 % (tested by experiment)					[13]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	MDR1_HUMAN ; MDR3_HUMAN ; ABCB5_HUMAN
Experiment (3) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	Inhibition ratio > 100 % (tested by experiment)					[14]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	MDR1_HUMAN ; MDR3_HUMAN ; ABCB5_HUMAN
Experiment (4) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 0.31 mg.mL-1 (tested by experiment)					[12]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	MDR1_HUMAN ; MDR3_HUMAN ; ABCB5_HUMAN
Experiment (5) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	Inhibition ratio = 60 % (tested by experiment)					[13]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	MDR1_HUMAN ; MDR3_HUMAN ; ABCB5_HUMAN
Experiment (6) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	Inhibition ratio > 250 % (tested by experiment)					[14]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	MDR1_HUMAN ; MDR3_HUMAN ; ABCB5_HUMAN
DBT Name: Urate exporter (BCRP)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	Inhibition ratio > 40 % (tested by experiment)					[14]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ABCG2_HUMAN
Potential-driven transporter (PDT)
DBT Name: Solute carrier SLCO1B1 (OATP-C)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	IC50 = 0.19 %(w/v) (tested by experiment)					[15]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	SO1B1_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	IC50 = 0.3 %(w/v) (tested by experiment)					[15]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	SO1B1_HUMAN
DBT Name: Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (OATPB)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	FD&C blue no. 2
Biological Activity	Inhibition ratio = 26 % (tested by experiment)					[16]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	SO2B1_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	IC50 = 0.0011 %(w/v) (tested by experiment)					[15]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	SO2B1_HUMAN
Experiment (3) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	IC50 = 0.0098 %(w/v) (tested by experiment)					[15]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	SO2B1_HUMAN
DBT Name: Solute carrier SLCO1A2 (OATP-A)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	IC50 = 0.00054 %(w/v) (tested by experiment)					[15]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	SO1A2_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	IC50 = 0.00034 %(w/v) (tested by experiment)					[15]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	SO1A2_HUMAN
DBT Name: Organic anion transporter 8 (OAT8)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	IC50 = 0.001 %(w/v) (tested by experiment)					[15]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	SO1B3_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	IC50 = 0.0047 %(w/v) (tested by experiment)					[15]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	SO1B3_HUMAN
DBT Name: Sodium/bile acid cotransporter (SLC10A1)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	IC50 = 2.8 %(w/v) (tested by experiment)					[15]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	NTCP_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	IC50 = 0.012 %(w/v) (tested by experiment)					[15]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	NTCP_HUMAN
Nuclear receptor (NR)
DBT Name: Estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	FD&C blue no. 2
Biological Activity	IC50 > 10 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ESR1_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 > 10 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ESR1_HUMAN
DBT Name: Progesterone receptor (PGR)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	IC50 = 21 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PRGR_HUMAN
Cell line (CELL)
DBT Name: Colon cancer Caco-2 cells (Caco-2)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil
Biological Activity	Chylomicron secretion downregulation (tested by experiment)					[17]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Polysorbate 80
Biological Activity	Chylomicron secretion upregulation (tested by experiment)					[18]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)

References
1	The activities of drug inactive ingredients on biological targets. Science. 2020 Jul 24;369(6502):403-413.
2	Nonionic surfactants are strong inhibitors of cytochrome P450 3A biotransformation activity in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2009 Mar 2;36(4-5):401-11.
3	In vitro investigation on the impact of the surface-active excipients Cremophor EL, Tween 80 and Solutol HS 15 on the metabolism of midazolam. iopharm Drug Dispos. 2004 Jan;25(1):37-49.
4	Scientific perspectives on extending the provision for waivers of in vivo bioavailability and bioequivalence studies for drug products containing high solubility-low permeability drugs (BCS-Class 3). AAPS J. 2008 Jun;10(2):300-5.
5	Pharmaceutical excipients inhibit cytochrome P450 activity in cell free systems and after systemic administration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2008 Sep;70(1):279-88.
6	Mediation of in vitro cytochrome p450 activity by common pharmaceutical excipients. Mol Pharm. 2013 Jul 1;10(7):2739-48.
7	Effects of non-ionic surfactants on cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism in vitro. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2011 May;78(1):166-72.
8	Effects of commonly used excipients on the expression of CYP3A4 in colon and liver cells. Pharm Res. 2010 Aug;27(8):1703-12.
9	US patent application no. 8987474B2, Inhibition of Shp2/PTPN11 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase by NSC-87877, NSC-117199 and Their Analogs.
10	Inhibition of human efflux transporter ABCC2 (MRP2) by self-emulsifying drug delivery system: influences of concentration and combination of excipients. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014;17(4):447-60.
11	Interactions between human multidrug resistance related protein (MRP2; ABCC2) and excipients commonly used in self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). Int J Pharm. 2013 Apr 15;447(1-2):192-8.
12	Reversal of multidrug resistance by surfactants. Br J Cancer. 1992 Jul;66(1):62-8.
13	A comparison of commonly used polyethoxylated pharmaceutical excipients on their ability to inhibit P-glycoprotein activity in vitro. J Pharm Sci. 2002 Sep;91(9):1991-2002.
14	Effect of excipients on breast cancer resistance protein substrate uptake activity. J Control Release. 2007 Dec 4;124(1-2):1-5.
15	Pharmaceutical excipients influence the function of human uptake transporting proteins. Mol Pharm. 2012 Sep 4;9(9):2577-81.
16	Bacterial metabolism rescues the inhibition of intestinal drug absorption by food and drug additives. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jul 7;117(27):16009-16018.
17	The effects of pluronics block copolymers and Cremophor EL on intestinal lipoprotein processing and the potential link with P-glycoprotein in Caco-2 cells. Pharm Res. 2003 Jul;20(7):1085-92.
18	Stimulation of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein secretion by polysorbate 80: in vitro and in vivo correlation using Caco-2 cells and a cannulated rat intestinal lymphatic model. Pharm Res. 2004 Dec;21(12):2320-6.

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