General Information of DFM (ID: F07923)
Name	Felodipine 2.5 mg tablet
Company	AstraZeneca
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)	Felodipine		API Info click to show the detail info of this API
	Essential hypertension		ICD-11: BA00	Approved
Drug Inactive Ingredient (DIGs)
	DIG ID	DIG Info	DIG Name	DIG Functional Class
	E07QCK	DIG Info	Aluminum silicate	Adsorbent ...
	E0SJ4H	DIG Info	Beta-D-lactose	Diluent ...
	E09YYN	DIG Info	Eisenoxyd	Colorant
	E0M0IE	DIG Info	Ferric hydroxide oxide yellow	Colorant
	E0Q7IF	DIG Info	Povidone	Binding agent ...
	E0U9NK	DIG Info	Propyl gallate	Antimicrobial preservative ...
	E0RS6F	DIG Info	Sodium stearyl fumarate	lubricant
	E05BSD	DIG Info	Titanium dioxide	Coating agent ...

Full List of Biological Targets of DIG (DBTs) Regulated by DIG(s) in This DFM
Oxidoreductase (ORase)
DBT Name: N1-methyl adenine demethylase (FTO)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Propyl gallate
Biological Activity	Ki = 3 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	FTO_HUMAN
DBT Name: Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Propyl gallate
Biological Activity	Ki = 0.43 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	LOX5_HUMAN
DBT Name: Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (COX-2)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Propyl gallate
Biological Activity	IC50 = 7.2 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PGH2_HUMAN
DBT Name: Lysine-specific demethylase 4C (KDM4C)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Propyl gallate
Biological Activity	Ki = 39 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	KDM4C_HUMAN
DBT Name: Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (TH)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Propyl gallate
Biological Activity	Ki = 1.9 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	TY3H_HUMAN
DBT Name: Albendazole monooxygenase (CYP3A4)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Povidone
Biological Activity	IC50 = 107 uM (tested by experiment)					[2]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Povidone
Biological Activity	Protein expression upregulation (tested by experiment)					[3]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP3A4_HUMAN
Cation-dependent O-methyltransferase
DBT Name: Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Propyl gallate
Biological Activity	Ki = 0.015 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	COMT_HUMAN
Hydrolase (HDase)
DBT Name: Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Propyl gallate
Biological Activity	IC50 = 26 uM (tested by experiment)					[1]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PDE4D_HUMAN
Lyase/isomerase/ligase (L/I/G)
DBT Name: Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CYP1A2)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Povidone
Biological Activity	IC50 = 78.3 uM (tested by experiment)					[2]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	CP1A2_HUMAN
Potential-driven transporter (PDT)
DBT Name: Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (OATPB)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Propyl gallate
Biological Activity	Inhibition ratio = 29.6 % (tested by experiment)					[4]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	SO2B1_HUMAN
Other protein families (OPF)
DBT Name: Anthrax toxin receptor 2 (CMG-2)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Propyl gallate
Biological Activity	IC50 > 300000 nM (tested by experiment)					[5]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ANTR2_HUMAN
Cell line (CELL)
DBT Name: Leukemia K562 cells (K562)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Sodium stearyl fumarate
Biological Activity	IC50 = 20.2 ug.mL-1 (estimated based on the structural similarity with CHEMBL3126829 )					[6]
Structural Similarity	Tanimoto coefficient = 0.75
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Cellosaurus ID	CVCL_0004
DBT Name: Breast cancer MCF7 cells (MCF7)				Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Interacting DIG	Sodium stearyl fumarate
Biological Activity	IC50 = 60 ug.mL-1 (estimated based on the structural similarity with CHEMBL3126829 )					[6]
Structural Similarity	Tanimoto coefficient = 0.75
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Cellosaurus ID	CVCL_0031

References
1	The activities of drug inactive ingredients on biological targets. Science. 2020 Jul 24;369(6502):403-413.
2	Mediation of in vitro cytochrome p450 activity by common pharmaceutical excipients. Mol Pharm. 2013 Jul 1;10(7):2739-48.
3	Effects of commonly used excipients on the expression of CYP3A4 in colon and liver cells. Pharm Res. 2010 Aug;27(8):1703-12.
4	Bacterial metabolism rescues the inhibition of intestinal drug absorption by food and drug additives. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jul 7;117(27):16009-16018.
5	1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl--D-glucopyranose inhibits angiogenesis via inhibition of capillary morphogenesis gene 2. J Med Chem. 2013 Mar 14; 56(5):1940-5.
6	Synthesis and evaluation of (-)-Massoialactone and analogues as potential anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents. Eur J Med Chem. 2014 Apr 9; 76:291-300.

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