Details of the Drug Inactive Ingredient (DIG)

General Information of DIG (ID: E04ECM)
DIG Name	FD&C red no. 3
DIG Function	Colorant

Full List of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) Co-administrated with This DIG
ICD Disease Classification 01		Infectious/parasitic disease	Click to Show/Hide
Minocycline	API Info	Streptococcus bacterial infection [ICD-11: 1C41]		[1]
Acyclovir	API Info	Herpes zoster [ICD-11: 1E91]		[2]
Cefaclor	API Info	Clostridium difficile infection [ICD-11: 1A04]		[3]
Itraconazole	API Info	Blastomycosis [ICD-11: 1F22]		[4]
ICD Disease Classification 02		Benign/in-situ/malignant neoplasm	Click to Show/Hide
Temozolomide	API Info	Brain cancer [ICD-11: 2A00]		[5]
ICD Disease Classification 05		Endocrine/nutritional/metabolic disease	Click to Show/Hide
Fenofibrate	API Info	Hypertriglyceridaemia [ICD-11: 5C80]		[6]
Phentermine	API Info	Obesity [ICD-11: 5B81]		[7]
Potassium chloride	API Info	Hypokalemia [ICD-11: 5C77]		[8]
Calcium acetate	API Info	Hyperphosphatemia [ICD-11: 5C64]		[9]
Benzphetamine	API Info	Obesity [ICD-11: 5B81]		[10]
ICD Disease Classification 06		Mental/behavioural/neurodevelopmental disorder	Click to Show/Hide
Fluoxetine	API Info	Major depressive disorder [ICD-11: 6A70]		[11]
Duloxetine	API Info	Major depressive disorder [ICD-11: 6A70]		[12]
Venlafaxine	API Info	Major depressive disorder [ICD-11: 6A70]		[13]
Dexmethylphenidate	API Info	Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ICD-11: 6A05]		[14]
Ziprasidone	API Info	Schizophrenia [ICD-11: 6A20]		[15]
Paroxetine	API Info	Major depressive disorder [ICD-11: 6A70]		[16]
Atomoxetine	API Info	Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ICD-11: 6A05]		[17]
Chlordiazepoxide	API Info	Anxiety disorder [ICD-11: 6B00]		[18]
Lisdexamfetamine	API Info	Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ICD-11: 6A05]		[19]
Clomipramine	API Info	Obsessive-compulsive disorder [ICD-11: 6B20]		[20]
Cariprazine	API Info	Bipolar disorder [ICD-11: 6A60]		[21]
Clorazepate	API Info	Anxiety disorder [ICD-11: 6B00]		[22]
Cycloserine	API Info	Dementia [ICD-11: 6D8Z]		[23]
ICD Disease Classification 07		Sleep-wake disorder	Click to Show/Hide
Temazepam	API Info	Insomnia [ICD-11: 7A00]		[24]
Flurazepam	API Info	Insomnia [ICD-11: 7A00]		[25]
Secobarbital	API Info	Insomnia [ICD-11: 7A00]		[26]
ICD Disease Classification 08		Nervous system disease	Click to Show/Hide
Morphine	API Info	Anaesthesia [ICD-11: 8E22]		[27]
Gabapentin	API Info	Focal seizure [ICD-11: 8A68]		[28]
Propranolol	API Info	Migraine [ICD-11: 8A80]		[29]
Carbamazepine	API Info	Epilepsy [ICD-11: 8A60]		[30]
Tizanidine	API Info	Tic disorder [ICD-11: 8A05]		[31]
Topiramate	API Info	Focal seizure [ICD-11: 8A68]		[32]
Phenytoin	API Info	Epilepsy [ICD-11: 8A60]		[33]
Zonisamide	API Info	Epilepsy [ICD-11: 8A60]		[34]
Hydrocodone	API Info	Anaesthesia [ICD-11: 8E22]		[35]
Ethosuximide	API Info	Epilepsy [ICD-11: 8A60]		[36]
ICD Disease Classification 10		Ear/mastoid process disease	Click to Show/Hide
Diphenhydramine	API Info	Meniere disease [ICD-11: AB31]		[37]
Amoxicillin	API Info	Acute otitis media [ICD-11: AB00]		[38]
ICD Disease Classification 11		Circulatory system disease	Click to Show/Hide
Diltiazem	API Info	Essential hypertension [ICD-11: BA00]		[39]
Aspirin	API Info	Myocardial infarction [ICD-11: BA41]		[40]
Ramipril	API Info	Essential hypertension [ICD-11: BA00]		[41]
Nitroglycerin	API Info	Acute coronary syndrome [ICD-11: BA4Z]		[42]
Disopyramide	API Info	Ventricular tachyarrhythmia [ICD-11: BC71]		[43]
Pentoxifylline	API Info	Intermittent claudication [ICD-11: BD40]		[44]
Phenoxybenzamine	API Info	Essential hypertension [ICD-11: BA00]		[45]
ICD Disease Classification 12		Respiratory system disease	Click to Show/Hide
Theophylline	API Info	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ICD-11: CA22]		[46]
ICD Disease Classification 13		Digestive system disease	Click to Show/Hide
Doxycycline	API Info	Periodontal disease [ICD-11: DA0C]		[47]
Omeprazole	API Info	Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease [ICD-11: DA22]		[48]
Lansoprazole	API Info	Duodenal ulcer [ICD-11: DA63]		[49]
Simethicone	API Info	Irritable bowel syndrome [ICD-11: DD91]		[50]
Esomeprazole	API Info	Duodenal ulcer [ICD-11: DA63]		[51]
Dicyclomine	API Info	Irritable bowel syndrome [ICD-11: DD91]		[52]
Mycophenolate mofetil	API Info	Crohn disease [ICD-11: DD70]		[53]
Tacrolimus	API Info	Ulcerative colitis [ICD-11: DD71]		[54]
Nizatidine	API Info	Peptic ulcer [ICD-11: DA61]		[55]
Aprepitant	API Info	Functional nausea/vomiting [ICD-11: DD90]		[56]
ICD Disease Classification 14		Skin disease	Click to Show/Hide
Clindamycin	API Info	Acne vulgaris [ICD-11: ED80]		[57]
Sucralfate	API Info	Acne vulgaris [ICD-11: ED80]		[58]
ICD Disease Classification 15		Musculoskeletal/connective-tissue disease	Click to Show/Hide
Indomethacin	API Info	Rheumatoid arthritis [ICD-11: FA20]		[59]
Celecoxib	API Info	Rheumatoid arthritis [ICD-11: FA20]		[60]
Etodolac	API Info	Rheumatoid arthritis [ICD-11: FA20]		[61]
Piroxicam	API Info	Rheumatoid arthritis [ICD-11: FA20]		[62]
Dexamethasone	API Info	Rheumatoid arthritis [ICD-11: FA20]		[63]
Colchicine	API Info	Uncontrolled gout [ICD-11: FA25]		[64]
Tolmetin	API Info	Rheumatoid arthritis [ICD-11: FA20]		[65]
Meclofenamic acid	API Info	Myalgia [ICD-11: FB56]		[66]
ICD Disease Classification 16		Genitourinary system disease	Click to Show/Hide
Erythromycin	API Info	Pelvic inflammatory disease [ICD-11: GA05]		[67]
Prazosin	API Info	Prostatic hyperplasia [ICD-11: GA90]		[68]
Mefenamic acid	API Info	Dysmenorrhea [ICD-11: GA34]		[69]
ICD Disease Classification 18		Pregnancy/childbirth/puerperium condition	Click to Show/Hide
Ephedrine	API Info	Contraception [ICD-11: JA65]		[70]
ICD Disease Classification 20		Developmental anomaly	Click to Show/Hide
Calcitriol	API Info	Congenital alopecia [ICD-11: LC30]		[71]

Full List of Biological Targets of DIG (DBTs) Regulated by This DIG
G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)
DBT Name: Adenosine receptor A3 (AA3R)		Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Biological Activity	IC50 = 3.3 uM (tested by experiment)		[72]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	AA3R_HUMAN
DBT Name: Muscarinic receptor M1 (ACM1)		Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Biological Activity	EC50 > 0.3 uM (tested by experiment)		[72]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ACM1_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Biological Activity	IC50 > 0.1 uM (tested by experiment)		[72]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ACM1_HUMAN
DBT Name: Muscarinic receptor M2 (ACM2)		Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Biological Activity	IC50 = 0.8 uM (tested by experiment)		[72]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ACM2_HUMAN
DBT Name: Opioid receptor mu (OPRM1)		Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Biological Activity	IC50 = 0.6 uM (tested by experiment)		[72]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	OPRM_HUMAN
DBT Name: Serotonin receptor 1A (5HT1A)		Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Biological Activity	IC50 = 1.9 uM (tested by experiment)		[72]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	5HT1A_HUMAN
DBT Name: Alpha-1A adrenoceptor (ADA1A)		Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Biological Activity	EC50 > 0.3 uM (tested by experiment)		[72]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ADA1A_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Biological Activity	IC50 > 0.1 uM (tested by experiment)		[72]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ADA1A_HUMAN
DBT Name: Dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1)		Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Biological Activity	IC50 = 3.9 uM (tested by experiment)		[72]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	DRD1_HUMAN
DBT Name: Dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3)		Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Biological Activity	IC50 = 0.8 uM (tested by experiment)		[72]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	DRD3_HUMAN
DBT Name: Thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R)		Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Biological Activity	EC50 > 0.3 uM (tested by experiment)		[72]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	TA2R_HUMAN
Oxidoreductase (ORase)
DBT Name: Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (COX-1)		Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Biological Activity	IC50 = 5.7 uM (tested by experiment)		[72]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PGH1_HUMAN
Transferase (TFase)
DBT Name: Arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1)		Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Biological Activity	Ki = 0.46 uM (tested by experiment)		[72]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ANM1_HUMAN
DBT Name: VEGF-2 receptor (KDR)		Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Biological Activity	IC50 > 3 uM (tested by experiment)		[72]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	VGFR2_HUMAN
Hydrolase (HDase)
DBT Name: Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE)		Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Biological Activity	IC50 = 0.42 uM (tested by experiment)		[72]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	ACES_HUMAN
DBT Name: Phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A)		Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Biological Activity	IC50 = 0.092 uM (tested by experiment)		[72]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PDE3A_HUMAN
DBT Name: Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D)		Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Biological Activity	IC50 = 0.32 uM (tested by experiment)		[72]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PDE4D_HUMAN
DBT Name: Coagulation factor IIa (F2)		Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Biological Activity	IC50 = 16 uM (tested by experiment)		[72]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	THRB_HUMAN
Potential-driven transporter (PDT)
DBT Name: Solute carrier SLCO2B1 (OATPB)		Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment (1) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Biological Activity	Inhibition ratio = 75.9 % (tested by experiment)		[73]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	SO2B1_HUMAN
Experiment (2) for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Biological Activity	Ki = 0.88 uM (tested by experiment)		[73]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	SO2B1_HUMAN
Transmembrane channel/porin (TC/P)
DBT Name: GABA(A) receptor alpha-1 (GABRA1)		Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Biological Activity	IC50 = 25 uM (tested by experiment)		[72]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	GBRA1_HUMAN
DBT Name: Potassium channel Kv11.1 (KCNH2)		Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Biological Activity	IC50 = 2.8 uM (tested by experiment)		[72]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	KCNH2_HUMAN
Nuclear receptor (NR)
DBT Name: Progesterone receptor (PGR)		Click to Show/Hide
Detailed Information	DBT Info click to show the detail info of this DBT
Experiment for Assessing the Biological Activity of the Studied DIG on This DBT
Biological Activity	IC50 = 16 uM (tested by experiment)		[72]
Tested Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	PRGR_HUMAN

References
1	FDA label for approved minocycline from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
2	FDA label for approved acyclovir from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
3	FDA label for approved cefaclor from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
4	FDA label for approved itraconazole from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
5	FDA label for approved temozolomide from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
6	FDA label for approved fenofibrate from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
7	FDA label for approved phentermine from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
8	FDA label for approved potassium chloride from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
9	FDA label for approved calcium acetate from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
10	FDA label for approved benzphetamine from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
11	FDA label for approved fluoxetine from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
12	FDA label for approved duloxetine from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
13	FDA label for approved venlafaxine from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
14	FDA label for approved dexmethylphenidate from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
15	FDA label for approved ziprasidone from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
16	FDA label for approved paroxetine from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
17	FDA label for approved atomoxetine from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
18	FDA label for approved chlordiazepoxide from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
19	FDA label for approved lisdexamfetamine from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
20	FDA label for approved clomipramine from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
21	FDA label for approved cariprazine from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
22	FDA label for approved clorazepate from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
23	FDA label for approved cycloserine from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
24	FDA label for approved temazepam from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
25	FDA label for approved flurazepam from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
26	FDA label for approved loxapine from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
27	FDA label for approved morphine from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
28	FDA label for approved gabapentin from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
29	FDA label for approved propranolol from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
30	FDA label for approved carbamazepine from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
31	FDA label for approved tizanidine from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
32	FDA label for approved topiramate from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
33	FDA label for approved phenytoin from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
34	FDA label for approved zonisamide from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
35	FDA label for approved hydrocodone from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
36	FDA label for approved ethosuximide from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
37	FDA label for approved diphenhydramine from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
38	FDA label for approved amoxicillin from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
39	FDA label for approved diltiazem from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
40	FDA label for approved aspirin from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
41	FDA label for approved ramipril from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
42	FDA label for approved nitroglycerin from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
43	FDA label for approved disopyramide from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
44	FDA label for approved pentoxifylline from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
45	FDA label for approved phenoxybenzamine from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
46	FDA label for approved theophylline from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
47	FDA label for approved doxycycline from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
48	FDA label for approved omeprazole from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
49	FDA label for approved lansoprazole from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
50	FDA label for approved simethicone from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
51	FDA label for approved esomeprazole from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
52	FDA label for approved dicyclomine from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
53	FDA label for approved mycophenolate mofetil from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
54	FDA label for approved tacrolimus from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
55	FDA label for approved nizatidine from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
56	FDA label for approved aprepitant from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
57	FDA label for approved clindamycin from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
58	FDA label for approved sucralfate from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
59	FDA label for approved indomethacin from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
60	FDA label for approved celecoxib from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
61	FDA label for approved etodolac from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
62	FDA label for approved piroxicam from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
63	FDA label for approved dexamethasone from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
64	FDA label for approved colchicine from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
65	FDA label for approved tolmetin from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
66	FDA label for approved meclofenamic acid from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
67	FDA label for approved erythromycin from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
68	FDA label for approved prazosin from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
69	FDA label for approved mefenamic acid from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
70	FDA label for approved ephedrine from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
71	FDA label for approved calcitriol from the official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
72	The activities of drug inactive ingredients on biological targets. Science. 2020 Jul 24;369(6502):403-413.
73	Bacterial metabolism rescues the inhibition of intestinal drug absorption by food and drug additives. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jul 7;117(27):16009-16018.

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